-
1 Norðr-land
n. North-land, Fms. viii. 425, ix. 468 (a county in Norway):— the North quarter of Icel., passim.II. plur. Norðrlönd, the Northern countries, Northern region, sometimes used of Europe, but chiefly of lands peopled by Northmen or Scandinavians, Nj. 46, Fær. 151, Ó. H. 2 (pref.), 24, 57, 130, 131, 241. -
2 lands-fjórðungr
m. the quarter of a land (of Iceland), Grág. i. 433, Landn. 251, Bs. ii. 81. -
3 ER
I) (older form es), rel. part. in old poems and in law phrases ‘es’ is suffixed to a demonstrative or interrogative word, pron. or adv., as s: sás, sús, þats, þeims, þærs; þars, þás, þegars, síðans, hveims, hvars, &c., = sá es, sú es, þar es, þá es, &c.I. used as a rel. pron., indecl., who, which, that;1) Mörðr hét maðr, er (nom.) kallaðr var gígja;grös fögr, er (acc.) hón hafði í hendi;aðra hluti þá, er (gen.) menn vildu visir verða;þann einn son, er (dat.) hann ann lítit;2) with a prep. placed at the end of the sentence;land, er hann kom frá, the land he came from;jötunn, er ór steini var höfuðit á (viz. honum), whose head was of stone;3) ellipt., the prep. being understood;ór þeim ættum, er mér þóttu fuglarnir fljúga (viz. ór), from the quarter that I thought the birds flew from;þeir hafa nú látit líf sitt, er mér þykkir eigi vert at lifa (viz. eptir), whom I think it is not worth while to outlive;4) a personal or demonstr. pron. may be added to the rel. part., er þú, er þik; er hann, er hón, er hana, er hans, er hennar, er þeim, er þeiri, er þeira, etc.;œrr ertu, Loki, er þú (who) yðra telr ljóta leiðstafi;sá maðr, er hann vill, that man who wishes;nema ein Goðrún, er hón æva grét, who never wept;ekkja heitir sú, er búandi hennar (whose husband) varð sóttdauðr;þann konung, er undir honum eru skatt-konungar, that king under whom are tributary kings;5) in the fourteenth century added to the int. pron., hverr;þat herbergi, í hverju er hann ( in which = er hann í því) hefir sitt ráð ok ræðr;II. as a conj. and adv.1) local, er, þar er, there where;hann sá á eldinum fölskann, er netit hafði brunnit, where the net had been burnt;Ó. gekk þar til, er H. lá, to the spot where H. lay;2) of time, er, þá er, when;ok er, and when;en er, but when;þar til er, until;í því er, just when;eptir (þat) er, when;þegar er, as soon as (þegar er lýsti, stóð konungr upp);síðan er, since;meðan er, while;næst er vér kómum, next when we came;þá lét í hamrinum, sem er reið gengr, as when it thunders;ok fannst þat á öllu, er hón þóttist vargefin, that she thought she was thrown away;ek em þess sæll, er okkart félag sleit, I am happy that;skyldi fara fyrst leyniliga, en þó kom þar, er allir vissu, but it came to this, that every one knew of it.* * *1.old form es, mod. sometimes eð, but usually ‘er;’ indecl. Particle used as relat. pron. or as relat. adv.; in very old MSS. always es, and rhymed so by old poets; in the 12th century it changed into er. In poems and in law phrases the particle ‘es’ is suffixed to the pronoun or adverb, as s or z, e. g. thus: as pron., sá’s = sá es (so in ‘people’s Engl.’ he as, him as, for he who, etc.), Hkr. iii. 11 (Sighvat); dat. þeim’s = þeim es, illi qui, Hm. 3, Fms. vi. 38 (Sighvat); acc. masc. þann’z or þann’s = þann es, illum qui, Vsp. 45 (MS.), Od. i, Hm. 44, 120, Hým. 39, Am. 90; neut. þatz = þat es, illud quod, Hm. 39, Am. 37, Hkv. Hjörv. 3, Fms. iii. 9 (Hallfred): as conj. or adv., hvárt’z … eða = hvárt es … eða, utrum … an, Grág. (Ed. 1853); hvárt’z hann vill at reiða eða …, i. 25, 145, 152, 155, 156, 161, 233, ii. 50: as adv., þegar’s = þegar es, as soon as, Grág. (Ed. 1853) i. 94, Am. 30; síðan’s = síðan es, since (Old Engl. sithens, sithence), 78; even sem’s = sem es, Am. 103; hvar’s = hvar es, wherever, 47, Mork. 138, Hm. 138; hve’s = hve es, however, 140 (MS. hvers), Skálda 190 (in a verse); þar’s = þar es, there where, i. e. where, Grág. i. 46, 153, Hm. 66, Hbl. 60, Gm. 8, Ls. 50, Mork. 18, 34, 37, 62, 170, Skálda 189 (Bragi), Edda (Ht.) 124, where this anastrophe is called bragar-mál, poetical diction; hvarge’s = hvarge es, wherever, Grág. ii. 44. The Icel. has no relat. pron. but only the relat. particles er and sem, both of them indecl. in gender, case, and number; in simple sentences the sense (gender etc.) is clear from the context; and the language has certain expedients to meet the deficiency.A. Used as relat. pron. which, who, that:I. used alone, where there is perhaps an ellipse of the demonstrative, er = er hann (þeir, þær, þeim, etc.);α. nom., á þeim bæ, er Abia heitir, 625. 83; Mörðr hét maðr, er kallaðr var Gigja, Nj. 1; hann átti dóttur eina, er Unnr hét, id.; þá skulu þeir, er fær eru ( who are) saman, Grág. i. 9; maðr, er þessa þurfi, id.; at þeim svörum, er verða, 19; lið þat, er þeim hafðI þangat fylgt, Fms. i. 62; konur þær, er völfur vóru kallaðar, iii. 212; þeim unga manni, er þar sitr hjá þér, id.β. acc., þingfesti manna þeirra, er ( quos) menn vilja sækja, Grág. i. 19; sakar þeirrar, er ( quam) ek hefi höfðað, id.γ. gen., aðra hluti þá, er ( quorum) menn viidu vísir verða, Fms. iii. 212.δ. dat., þann einn, er ( cui) hann ann lítið, Fms. i. 86.ε. joined to a demonstrative; allir Þrændir, þeir er …, all the Th., who …, Fms. i. 62.II. with a prep., which, as often in Engl., is placed at the end of the sentence; er hann kom til, whom he came to; land, er hann kom frá, the land he came from; so Lat. quocum venit = er hann kom með sub quibus = er … undir; in quibus = er … í, etc.: the prep. may also be a penultimate, e. g. the phrase, er mér er á ván, wlich I have a hope of; or, er hann var yfir settr, whom he was set over, etc.; this use of the pronoun is undoubtedly elliptical, the corresponding demonstrative pronoun being left out, although the ellipse is not felt; þvengrinn sá er muðrinn Loka var saman rifjaðr með (Kb. omits the prep.), the lace that the mouth of Loki was stitched with, Edda 71; öðrum höfðingjum, þeim er honum þótti liðs at ván (that is to say, þeim, er honum þótti liðs van at þeim), at whose hands, i. e. from whom he thought help likely to come, Fms. i; þeir er ek mæli þetta til (= er ek mæli þetta til þeirra), those to whom I speak, xi. 12; er engi hefir áðr til orðit, Nj. 190; in stórúðgi jötunn, er ór steini var höfuðit á (= er ór steini var höfuðit á honum), whose head was of stone. Hbl. 15; því er vér urðum á sáttir, Fms. xi. 34; við glugg þann í loptinu, er fuglinn hafðI áðr við setið. the window close to which the bird sat. Eg.: nokkurum þeim höfðingja, er mér sé eigandi vinátta við (viz. þá). Ó. H. 78: þá sjón, er mér þykir mikils um vert (viz. hana), 74; er mér þat at sýn orðit, er ek hefi opt heyrt frá sagt (= frá því sagt), 57; til vatns þess, er Á en Helga fellr ór, 163: til kirkju þeirra, es bein eru færð til, Grág. i. 13 new Ed.2. ellipt. the prep. being understood, esp. to avoid the repetition of it; ekirinn sá er brendr vár Ásgarðr (viz. með), Edda (pref.); hann gékk til herbergis þess, er konungr var inni (viz. í), he went to the house that the king was in, Ó. H. 160, Fb. iii. 251; dyrr þær, er ganga mátti upp á húsit (viz. gegnum, through), the doors through which one could walk up to the house, Eg. 421; ór þeim ættum er mér þóttu fuglarnir fljúga (viz. ór), the airt ( quarter) that I thought the birds flew from, Ísl. ii. 196; yfir þeim manni, er Mörðr hafði sök sína fram sagt (viz. yfir), the man over whose head ( to whom) Mord had pleaded his suit, Nj. 242; þrjú þing, þau er menn ætluðu (viz. á), three parliaments, in ( during) which men thought …, 71; nær borg þeirri, er konungr sat (viz. í), near the town the king resided in, Eg. 287; Montakassin, er dyrkast Benedictus, Monte Cassino, where B. is worshipped, Fms. xi. 415; þeir hafa nú látið lif sitt fyrir skömmu, er mér þykir eigi vert at lifa (viz. eptir), they, whom methinks it is not worth while to outlive, 150; fara eptir með hunda, er þeir vóru vanir at spyrja þá upp (viz. með), er undan hljópusk, they pursued with hounds, that they were wont to pick up fugitives with, i. e. with bloodbounds, v. 145; þat er í þrem stöðum, er dauðum má sök gefa (viz. í), it is in three places that a man can be slain with impunity, N. G. L. i. 62; þat er í einum stað, er maðr hittir (viz. í), it is in one place that …, id.III. a demonstrative pron. may be added to the relat. particle, e. g. er þeirra = quorum, er þeim = quibus, er hans, er hennar = cujus; but this is chiefly used in old translations from Lat., being rarely found in original writings; þann konung, er undir honum eru skatt-konungar, that king under whom vassals serve, Edda 93; ekkja heitir sú, er búandi hennar ( whose husband) varð sótt-dauðr; hæll er sú kona kölluð er búandi hennar er veginn, 108; sú sam-stafa, er raddar-stafr hennar er náttúrlega skammr, that syllable, the vowel of which is naturally short, Skálda 179; sá maðr, er hann vill, that man who wishes, Grág. i. 19; sá maðr, er hann skal fasta, 36; nema ein Guðrún, er hón æva grét, G. that never wailed, Gh. 40; þess manns, er hann girnisk, Hom. 54; sæl er sú bygghlaða … er ór þeirri …, felix est illud horreum … unde …, Hom. 15; engi er hærri speki en sú, er í þeirri …, nulla melior est sapientia quam ea, qua …, 28; varðveita boðorð hans, fyrir þann er vér erum skapaðir, ejusque mandata custodire, per quem creati sumus, 28; harða göfugr er háttr hófsemi, fyrir þá er saman stendr …, nobilis virtus est valde temperantia, per quam …, id.; elskendum Guð þann er svá mælti, Deum diligentibus qui ait, id.; skírn Græðara várs, er í þeirri, 56; er á þeim = in quibus, 52: rare in mod. writers, enginn kann að játa eðr iðrast réttilega þeirrar syndar, er hann þekkir ekki stærð hennar og ílsku, Vídal. i. 226.IV. in the 14th century, the relat. pron. hverr was admitted, but by adding the particle er; yet it has never prevailed, and no relative pronoun is used in Icel. (except that this pronoun occurs in the N. T. and sermons, e. g. Luke xi. 1, whose blood Pilate had mingled, is rendered hverra blóði Pilatus hafði blandað; an old translator would have said, er P. hafði blandað blóði þeirra): hvern er þeir erfðu, M. K. 156; hverjar er hón lauk mér, id.; af hverju er hann megi marka, Stj. 114; hvat er tákna mundi, Fms. xi. 12.V. the few following instances are rare and curious, er þú, er ek, er mér, er hón; and are analogous to the Germ. der ich, der du, I that, thou that; in Hm. l. c. ‘er’ is almost a superfluous enclitic, eyvitar fyrna er maðr annan skal, Hm. 93; sáttir þínar er ek vil snemma hafa, Alm. 7; ójafnt skipta er þú mundir, Hbl. 25; þrár hafðar er ek hefi, Fsm. 50; auði frá er mér ætluð var, sandi orpin sæng, Sl. 49; lauga-vatn er mér leiðast var eitt allra hluta, 50; ærr ertu Loki, er þú yðra telr, Ls. 29, cp. 21, Og. 12, Hkv. 2. 32; tröll, er þik bíta eigi járn, Ísl. ii. 364. ☞ This want of a proper relat. pron. has probably preserved Icel. prose from foreign influences; in rendering Lat. or mod. Germ. into Icel. almost every sentence must be altered and broken up in order to make it vernacular.B. Conj. and adv. joined with a demonstrative particle, where, when:1. loc., þar er, there where = ubi; þar er hvárki sé akr né eng, Grág. i. 123; hvervetna þess, er, N. G. L. passim.2. temp. when; ok er, and when; en er, but when: þá er, then when; þar til er, until, etc., passim; annan dag, er menn gengu, Nj. 3; brá þeim mjök við, er þan sá hann, 68; sjaldan fór þá svá, er vel vildi, Ld. 290; ok í því er Þórgils, and in the nick of time when Th., id.: þá lét í hamrinum sem er ( as when) reið gengr, Ísl. ii. 434; næst er vér kómum, next when we came, Eg. 287; þá er vér, when we, id.II. conj. that (vide ‘at’ II, p. 29); þat er (is) mitt ráð er ( that) þú kallir til tals, Eg. 540; ok þat, er hann ætlar, Nj. 7: ok fansk þat á öllu, er ( that) hon þóttisk vargefin, 17; en þessi er (is) frásögn til þess, er ( that) þeir vóru Heljar-skinn kallaðir, Sturl. i. 1; ok finna honum þá sök, er (en MS.) hann hafði verit, that he had been, Fms. vii. 331; af hverju er hann megi marka, from which he may infer, Stj. 135; hvárt er (en MS.) er (is) ungr eða gamall, either that he is young or old, N. G. L. i. 349; spurði hann at, hvárt er, asked him whether, Barl. 92; mikill skaði, er slíkr maðr, that such a man, Fms. vi. 15; hlægligt mér þat þykkir, er ( that) þú þinn harm tínir, Am. 53; er þér gengsk illa, that it goes ill with thee, 53, 89; hins viltú geta, er ( that) vit Hrungnir deildum, Hbl. 15.2. denoting cause; er dóttir mín er hörð í skapi, for that my daughter is hard of heart, Nj. 17.β. er þó, although, Skálda 164.3. þegar er, as soon as, when, Fms. iv. 95, cp. þegar’s above: alls er þú ert, for that thou art, i. 305; síðan er, since, after that, Grág. i. 135; en siðan er Freyr hafði heygðr verít, Hkr. (pref.); but without ‘er,’ N. G. L. i. 342. In the earliest and best MSS. distinction is made between eptir er ( postquam), þegar er ( quum), meðan er ( dum), síðan er ( postquam), and on the other hand eptir ( post), þegar ( jam), meðan ( interdum), síðan (post, deinde); cp. meðan’s, síðan’s, þegar’s, above; but in most old MSS. and writers the particle is left out, often, no doubt, merely from inaccuracy in the MSS., or even in the editions, (in MSS. ‘er’ is almost always spelt and easily overlooked): again, in mod. usage the particle ‘at, að,’ is often used as equivalent to ‘er,’ meðan að, whilst; síðan að, since that; þegar að, postquam, (vide ‘at’ V, p. 29.)2.3rd pers. pres. is, vide vera. -
4 útan
adv.; see útan.* * *[Ulf. ûtana = ἔξωθεν], from without, from outside; gengu þeir útan brygginna, they went up by the pier (from the sea), Fms. ii. 281; ok er þeir sóttu út á fjörðinn, þá réru útan í móti þeim Rögnvaldr, then R. rowed towards them, coming from the outward, Eg. 386; skjóta útan báti, to put out a boat, Nj. 272; fyrir útan (with acc.), outside of a thing, opp. to fyrir innan, 271; útan at Hafslæk, Eg. 711; Strandmaðr útan, a man from the Out-Strand, Sturl. ii. 205; útan ór Þrándheimi, Fms. i. 36.2. útan denoted the coming from without, of a voyage from Iceland to Norway, for to the Norse traders Iceland was an outlying country; also of a journey from Greenland to Iceland, Grág. i. 211; but the Icelanders also soon came to use it of going out of their own land; ferja e-n útan, fara útan, to go abroad, i. e. from Iceland, passim; fara útan, to go abroad, Grág. i. 99, 181, Nj. 94, Eg. 196, Ld. 230; spurði Þórarinn Glúm hvárt hann ætlaði útan sem hann var vanr, Th. asked G. if he intended to go abroad as he was wont, Nj. 22; meðan hann væri útan, whilst he was abroad, 4; þá var Valgarðr útan, faðir hans, 72, Ld. 254, passim (cp. út): then of other far countries, koma útan af Jórsalaheimi, Fms. vii. 74; útan af Africa, Ver. 51.II. without motion, outside; útan á síðuna, Hkr. i. 239; útan ok sunnan undir eldhúsinu stóð dyngja, outside, towards the south, Gísl. 15; hón séri því um gammann bæði útan ok innan, both outside and inside, Fms. i. 9; jamt útan sem innan, Grág. i. 392, Greg. 19; þar útan um liggr inn djúpi sjár, Edda; lagðir í kring útan um, Eg. 486; jörðin er kringlótt útan, Edda; poki um útan, with a poke about it outside, wrapped in a poke, Ld. 188; skáli súðþaktr útan, Nj. 114.III. conj. except, besides (Dan. uden); verðr fátt um kveðjur, útan þeir leggja skip saman, except that they …, Fms. x. 205; eigi skal hann, útan ( but) keypti, Gþl. 538; útan heldr, but rather, Stj. 10; útan eigi, 15; engi, útan synir Tosta, Hkr. iii. 170; engi hlutr útan sá einn, Fms. ii. 38: of whole sentences, útan þat skildi, at …, with that exception that, i. 21; fríðr at yfirlitum, útan eygðr var hann mjök, fine-looking, but that he had goggle eyes, Fas. iii. 298; fjögur ásauðarkúgildi, útan hann leysti þá þegar eitt í kosti, Dipl. v. 7; unless, kveðsk eigi við þeim vanbúinn, útan þeir sviki hann, Korm. 202, Fms. vi. 70.2. without, with acc.; Scot. but, as in the motto of the Macphersons, ‘touch not the cat but the glove;’ útan alla prýði, Stj. 10; útan starf ok erviði, 38; útan frænda ráð, Hkr. i. 232; útan leyfi konungs, Gþl. 115; útan konungs rétt ok aðildar-manna, Orkn. 212; útan aðrar lögligar pínur, H. E. i. 478: gen., útan sætta, Nj. 250, 255; útan allrar saurganar, K. Á. 104; útan orlofs, Jb. 285.3. outside of; útan kirkjugarðs, N. G. L. i. 352; útan Paradísar, K. Á. 104; útan arkarinnar, Stj.; útan borðs, héraðs, brautar, see B.4. fyrir útan, outside, off, beyond, with acc.; fyrir útan boðan, Nj. 124; fyrir útan Mön, 271; fyrir útan Þjórsá, Landn. 299, Fms. x. 114; fyrir útan haf, Ver. 39; bar vápna-burð fyrir útan þat skip, Fms. vii. 232; fyrir útan rekkju hennar, Grág. i. 371; vera fyrir útan bardaga, Fms. vi. 137; fyrir útan silfr, gull, except, Grág. i. 397; Sks. 258, Fms. xi. 394, x. 403; fyrir útan leyfi, Sks. 548; fyrir útan allar flærðir, 358; fyrir smala-för útan, except, Grág. i. 147; fyrir þat útan, 139; þar fyrir útan (Dan. desforuden), Fms. iii. 44: as adverb, svá at af gengu nafarnar fyrir útan, Eb. 118; þá menn er land eigu fyrir útan, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 80.B. In COMPDS, prefixed to gen.: útan-borðs, [Dan. udenbords], overboard, Sturl. i. 118, Fms. vii. 202, v. l. útan-borgar, out of town, Mar., Blas. 50, Fms. xi. 160. útan-bókar, without book; kunna, læra ú., by rote. útan-brautar, out of the way, left in the cold, Bs. i. 728, MS. 625. 189. útan-bæjar, outside the town, Arons S. (Bs. i. 517). útan-fjarðar, outside the firth, Vm. 165, N. G. L. i. 174. útan-fjórðungs, outside the quarter, Grág. i. 165: útanfjórðungs-maðr, m. a person living outside the quarter, Grág. i. 96. útan-fótar (opp. to innan-fótar), on the outside of the foot (leg), Nj. 97, Fas. iii. 357. útan-garða, outside the yard (house), Grág. ii. 222, 233, Fsm. 1. útan-garðs, outside the fence, Grág. i. 82, 448, ii. 263, N. G. L. i. 42: outside the farm, Ám. 6, 26. útan-gátta, out-of-doors, Stj. 436. útan-hafnarfat, an outer cloth. útan.-hafs, beyond the sea, Stj. 93. útan-héraðs, outside the district, Js. 92: útanhéraðs-maðr (- strákr), m. a man not belonging to the county, Ld. 228, 272, Bs. i. 627. útan-hrepps, outside the Rape, Grág. i. 293, 447: útanhrepps-maðr, m. an outsitter, Grág. i. 448, K. Þ. K. útan-lands and útan-lendis, abroad, Eg. 185, 195, 691, Hkr. ii. 114, Fms. iii. 118, vi. 233, vii. 121: útanlands-maðr, m. a foreigner, Grág. i. 224, ii. 405: útanlands-siðir, m. pl. outlandish, foreign manners, Fms. vii. 171. útan-lærs, outside the thigh, Eg. 298. útan-sóknar, out of the parish, N. G. L.: útansóknar-maðr, m. a man not of the parish, H. E. i. 483. útan-stafs, outside the border; eignir þær er ú. eru kallaðar ok í almenningum eru, N. G. L. i. 125. útan-steins, outside the stone, Fas. i. 514. útan-sveitar, out of the sveit: útansveitar-maðr, m. an alien to the sveit, Fs. útan-þinga, outside the parish, Pm. 47. útan-þings, outside the þing (the place), N. G. L. i. 63: útanþings-maðr, m. a man of another district, Grág. i. 85. -
5 KENNA
* * *(-da, -dr), v.1) to know, recognize (Flosi kenndi Kára, er hann kom í stofuna);2) to know as one’s own, claim (kenna sér land);3) to assign or attribute to one (þá var ok ár um öll lönd, kenndu Svíar þat Frey);kenna e-m barn, to father a child upon one;4) kenna e-m e-t, to lay to one’s charge, impute (ef hann væri sannr verks þessa, er honum var kennt);kenna e-m um e-t, to charge one with a thing (Þorgeirr vildi ekki, at brœðrum hans mætti um kenna);5) to taste food or drink (kenna e-t or e-s);6) to feel, perceive, with acc. and gen. (ek kennda þín eigi, er þú hvíldir á brjósti mér);kenna sætan ilm, to perceive a sweet smell;kenna hita (kulda) af e-u, to feel heat (cold) from;kenna aflsmunar, liðsmunar, to feel the odds;hón kenndi í meira lagi, she felt considerable pain;absol., þá er þeir kómu upp í heiðina, kenndi at brá lit, the colour was felt to change, it began to darken;mér kennir heiptar við e-n, I feel hatred against one;kenna niðr, to touch the bottom (en er skipin kenndu niðr, þá gekk jarl á land);7) to show, bear witness of (virðist mér ákall þetta meirr kenna ranglætis en réttvísi);8) to call, name;kenna e-t við e-n, to call after one (Helgi trúði á Krist, ok kenndi því við hann bústað sinn);9) in poetry, to call by a periphrastic name (hvernig skal kenna sól, vind);10) kenna e-m e-t, to teach one a thing (kenna e-m rétta trú ok góða siðu);ek hefi kennt þér írsku at mæla, I have taught thee to speak Irish;11) to make one do a thing (kenna e-m bíta);12) refl., kennast, to seem, appear (Ulfr kennist mér vitr maðr);recipr., svá var myrkt, at þeir kenndust eigi, that they did not know one another;goldit var honum þetta svá, at hann mun lengi kennast, he was repaid for this in a way that he will long remember;kennast við, to recognize (kenndist hann af því þegar við mennina); to confess, acknowledge (at þeir mætti við kennast sinn lítilleik).* * *d, kennig, Hm. 164; part. kennandisk, Bs. i. 322, H. E. i. 499, Dipl. iv. 8; [Goth. kunnan; A. S. knáwan; Old Engl. and Scot. ken; Dan. kjende; Swed. känna]:—to ken, know, recognise; þú kennir konu þá er heitir Oddný, Fms. vii. 103, Hkv. 2. 12; hann kenndi hann þegar, Nj. 9; Flosi kenndi Kára er hann kom í stofuna, 282; hann kenndi skipit, því at hann hafði þat skip séð fyrr, Eg. 120; þar kenndi Ingimundr lönd þau er honum var til vísat, Landn. 175, Sd. 186; þóttisk hann kenna sitt mark á vísu þessari, Fms. iii. 20: with infin., þeir kenndu at þat var Eirekr viðsjá, Ísl. ii. 335; er þetta hann Skalla-grímr? Grímr sagði at hann kenndi rétt, Eg. 112; kennir þú nökkut til gripa þessara! Nj. 75.II. kenna sér e-t, to know as one’s own, claim; kenna sér land, Grág. ii. 204; hann á eigi þat er hann kennir sér, 219; Ingimundr kenndi sér fimm víntunnur … þú munt kenna þér þat er aðrir menn eigu, Bs. i. 433; því kenndi hvárr-tveggi sér nautin, Landn. 47; at enginn dirfi sik at kenna sér þat er hann görir eigi, Al. 88; ek spyrr hverr sér kenni M. M. at þingmanni, Grág. i. 19.III. to acknowledge as belonging to another, attribute to him; öll vár góðverk eru honum at kenna ok eigna, Stj. 25; þá var ok ár um öll lönd, kenndu Svíar þat Frey, Hkr. i. 16; hér er tunglinu kennt embætti sólarinnar, Skálda 211; k. e-m barn, to father a child upon one, Bs. i. 807, K. Á. 16; var sveinn sá kenndr Jóni er Þórarinn hét, Sturl. i. 223; þó at hann sé kenndr nokkurum manni at syni, Grág. ii. 113, (kenningar-son, a natural son): cp. the phrase, þar er enginn kenndr sem hann kemr ekki, no one is known where he comes not, i. e. men had better keep aloof from where they have no business to be.2. to lay to one’s charge, impute; Ásbjörn kenndi sér völd um þat harðrétti, Rd. 249; Eva kenndi sína synd orminum, Stj. 37; ef þeim eru engir laga-lestir kenndir, Grág. ii. 41; ef meiri eru ráð kennd um konu-nám þeim manni, i. 335; ef hann væri sannr verks þessa er honum var kennt, Fms. ii. 73; Sigurðr taldi þat úsatt sem Ingi konungr kenndi þeim, vii. 242; þeir kenndu honum, at hann hefði verit at vígi Benteins, 224; kenndi þat hvárr öðrum, at ekki héldi þat er mælt var, 248; það er mér að kenna, it is brought home to me; yðr er þat kenna, Am. 51: k. e-m um e-t, to charge one with a thing; Þorgeirr vildi ekki at bræðrum hans mætti um kenna, hvat sem í görðisk, Nj. 252; kenndu þeir því mest um, at Kjartan hafði þegit skikkjuna, Fms. x. 295.IV. to know, perceive, feel, taste, scent; þegar hirðin hafði kennt ( tasted) fyrsta rétt, Fas. iii. 302; þeir kenna svá sætan ilm at þeir höfðu aldri fyrr slíkan kenndan, Fms. i. 228; kenna fúlt, to perceive a foul smell, Hallfred; kenna daun, Fms. viii. 230; þeir brugðu í munn sér ok þóttusk ekki jafnsætt kennt hafa, Fb. i. 539; hundarnir röktu sporin, þvíat þeir kenndu ( got scent of) af hreinstökunum, Ó. H. 152; kenndi djákninn ekki ( he felt not) at þeir lægi á honum, Bs. i. 464; hón kenndi ( she felt pain) í meira lagi, þá er nálgaðisk hátíð Þorláks biskups, 323.β. kenna niðr (or niðri), to touch the bottom; en er skipin kenndu niðr þá gékk jarl á land, Hkr. i. 206; ok er skipit kenndi niðr, hlupu þeir fyrir borð, Grett. 97, Fms. viii. 317, ix. 23; svá var djúpt á bæði borð, at forkarnir kenndu eigi niðr, it was so deep that the boat-hooks did not reach the bottom, Ld. 56; þá er skipit flaut ok eigi kenndi niðr, 78.γ. absol., þá er þeir kómu upp í heiðina, kenndi at brá lit, the colour was felt to change, i. e. it began to darken, Sturl. iii. 217 C; þá kenndi ( one could scent) ór laukinum, Fbr. 215; þá er maðr heilundi er köra (acc. or gen.?) kennir inn til heila-basta, Grág. ii. 91.2. with prepp.; kenna af (á, at), to perceive, see; þess kennir nú at (af?) at þér þykkir ek févani, it is clear that …, I see that …, Eb. 38; kenndi þess mjök á ( it was much to be seen) um marga Upplendinga, at ílla hafði líkat aftaka Þóris, Ó. H. 188; þess kenna margir af, at þú ert frændstórr, Fb. ii. 270; deyr allt þat er af kennir ( all die that taste or smell of it), þeir deyja þegar er þeir kenna af, Rb. 352:—kenna til, to smart, feel pain, ache, freq. in mod. usage.3. with gen. to have feeling of, feel; kenna mæði, lo be exhausted, Eg. 124; hjarta manns kennir alls, Skálda 169; kenna sóttar, to feel sickness; kona kennir sér sóttar, of childbirth, Fs. 26, Fas. ii. 504, Sd. 176: kenna karlmanns, to ‘know’ a man, cohabit with, Mar.; ek kennda eigi karlmanns, barn at bera, Hom. 30; kenna aflsmunar, liðsmunar, ríkismunar, to feel the odds, be overmatched, Hkr. i. 286, Fms. iv. 331, Ld. 38; kenna harðinda, Fms. vi. 110; kenna kulda af e-u, to feel cold from, Eb. 42; k. hita af e-u, Bs. i. 42; k. odds, benja, to feel the point, the wound, Am. 59, 88; virðisk mér ákall þetta meir kenna ranglætis en réttvísi, it is more prompted by overbearing than by justice, Fb. i. 19; hón kenndi þess at þar stóð ör í, ii. 365; nú má vera at mér kenni heiptar við suma menn, that I feel hatred against somebody, Sturl. iii. 233; tók þá at kenna annars litar, it began to grow dark, 171; vínviðr var efst þar sem holta kenndi, the holts were covered with vines, Þorf. Karl. 420; kenna fæðu, to taste food, Stj. 490, 492; but also k. á fæðu, 453, 517; kenna grunns, to touch the bottom, of a ship or anything afloat, Grág. ii. 353; k. endi-skeiðs, Bragi.V. to call, name; kenna e-t við e-n, to call after one; Helgi trúði á Krist, ok kenndi því við hann bústað sinn, i. e. called it after Christ (Christness), Landn. 207; í þeim fjórðungi er dómrinn er við kenndr, in the quarter by which name the court is called, Grág. i. 65; at helga Þór allt landnám sitt ok kenna við hann, Landn. 97; k. mánuðinn við þann mann sem vatnsins gætir, Rb. 104; við þann er kennt Gunnars-holt, Nj. 29; Oddbjörn er Oddbjarnar-leið er við kennd, Eg. 102; Fleiri hlupu þeir fyrir berg, þar sem við þá er kennt síðan, Landn. 36; kenna þá með margfjölda atkvæði, address them in the plural, Sks. 312; sá var kenndr ( nicknamed) Knarrar-smiðr Ór, 43; Nótt en Nörvi kennda, i. e. Night, the daughter of Norvi, Alm. 30; hvar eru Hjörvarði haugar kenndir, where are the hows called Hjorward’s? Fas. i. 519 (in a verse); Mæringr mér of kenndr, my own sword M., Bjarn. (in a verse); hlutir er þú skal varask, at þú verðir eigi við kenndr, Sks. 358, 780; kenndr við styr, morð, connected with, Korm.2. in poetry, to call by a periphrasis or descriptive name; rétt er at kenna ( to call) hana (a woman) svá, at kalla hana selju þess er hón miðlar, Edda; hvernig skal kenna Þór?—Svá at kalla hann son Óðins …, how is Thor to be called?—Thus, call him the ‘son of Odin,’ 53: hvernig skal kenna mann?—Hanna skal k. við verk sín, 67: with prep., kona er kennd við stein, Edda; ok kenn þó hvárn til sinnar iðnar, Fms. vi. 362; konu skal k. til alls kvenn-búnaðar, Edda, etc., see Edda (Skáldskm.) passim; hence kennd heiti ( compound or circumlocutory names), opp. to ókennd heiti ( plain appellatives), Edda 49.B. In a causal sense, [Goth. kannjan = γνωρίζειν]:—to teach, with acc. of the thing, dat. of the person, or with infin. of the thing or absol.; kenna e-m íþróttir, Fms. v. 334; kenna e-m rétta trú ok góða siðu, i. 17; kenn mér engan sann, iii. 85; Gunnarr fór með öllu sem honum var ráð til kennt, as he was taught, Nj. 100; kenn þú ráðit til, Fms. x. 334; kenna e-m at flýja, Hkr. i. 149; ek hefi kennt þér Írsku at mæla, Ld. 72; kenna helgar ritningar, 623. 18; þing-kenna, to proclaim in public, N. G. L. i. 7; far sem ek kenni þér, as I tell thee, Sd. 182; ek em sunr Áka, svá er mér til kennt, so I am told, Fms. xi. 153.2. to teach in school; Andresi syni þeirra lét Herra biskup kenna ok vígði síðan, Bs. i. 716; kenna kenningar, to preach, 140; þá heyrði hann til er prestlingum var kennd íþrótt sú er grammatica heitir, 163; k. prestlingum, id.; þat kann ek it átjánda er ek æva kennig mey né manns konn, Hm. 164; ungr kenndak mér annat, I was taught otherwise when young, Fms. vi. 401 (in a verse); slíkt kennir mér at sofa lítið, Fas. ii. (in a verse).3. to teach, make one to do; kenna e-m falda rauðu, Edda (Ht.); kenna e-m bíta, lúta í gras, Lex. Poët.; kenna e-m at drúpa, Sighvat; k. e-m brautir, to shew one the way, Hðm. 12, Hbl. 56; ek mun þér stöðna kenna, 6.4. to tell; kennit mér nafn konungs, Hkv. Hjörv. 12.C. REFLEX. to feel, seem to oneself; þar er hann lætr kennask svá ágætan ilm, Fms. i. 229; Úlfr kennisk mér ( appears to one to be) vitr maðr, v. 334:—with prep., kennask við, to recognise; kenndisk hann af því þegar við mennina, Nj. 267, Bret. 48; ef engi kennisk viðr, N. G. L. i. 345; dilkunum þeim er eigi kennask ær við, Grág. ii. 312: to confess, kennask við sannan Guð, 625. 66; þeir eigu at kennask við sik, at þeir hafa vald af Guði, Gþl. 43; at þeir mætti við kennask sinn lítilleik, Edda. (pref.); ekki kennumk ek við þetta, segir Hrói, Fb. ii. 76; nefndr Skeggi viðr-kenndisk, at …, Dipl. ii. 8; nú em ek eigi svá heimskr maðr, at ek kennumk eigi við at ek hefi talat ílla, Fms. ii. 33; goldit var honum þetta svá, at hann mun lengi kennask, feel it, remember it, Edda. 30; kenndisk svá Kálfr, at, Vm. 48; ek kennumst með þessu mínu bréfi, at …, Dipl. v. 5.2. to feel, taste, touch; mold sýnisk mér, ok svá kennisk ( tastes) mér eigi síðr ostrinn er ek et, Ísl. ii. 352; hón þreifar um hann,—Barði mælti, hvé kennisk þér til, how is it to the touch? 342; slíks ek mest kennumk, Am. 52.II. recipr. to know, recognise one another; svá var myrkt at þeir kenndusk eigi, Fms. ix, 50; ef þeir höfðu hér áðr við kennsk, Grág. ii. 72.III. pass., þá kenndust ( were taught) margar ástir, Edda pref. (rare).IV. part. kenndr, vinsæll ok vel kenndr af sínum undirmönnum, Mar.; ílla kenndr, having ill report, Fs. 49.2. tipsy; kenndr af drykk, Stj. 172; hann er dálítið kenndr. -
6 GOÐI
m. heathen priest; chief (in Iceland during the republic).* * *a, m. [Ulf, renders ἱερεύς by gudja (ufar-gudja, ahumista-gudja, etc.), ἱερατεία by gudjinassus, ἱερατεύειν by gudjinôn; an Icel. gyði, gen. gyðja, would answer better to the Goth. form, but it never occurs, except that the fem. gyðja = goddess and priestess points not to goði, but to a masc. with a suppressed final i, gyði; a word coting occurs in O. H. G. glossaries, prob. meaning the same; and the form guþi twice occurs on Danish-Runic stones in Nura-guþi and Saulva-guþi, explained as goði by P. G. Thorsen, Danske Runem.; (Rafn’s explanation and reading of Nura-guþi qs. norðr á Gauði, is scarcely right): with this exception this word is nowhere recorded till it appears in Icel., where it got a wide historical bearing]:—prop. a priest, sacerdos, and hence a liege-lord or chief of the Icel. Commonwealth.A. HISTORICAL REMARKS.—The Norse chiefs who settled in Icel., finding the country uninhabited, solemnly took possession of the land (land-nám, q. v.); and in order to found a community they built a temple, and called themselves by the name of goði or hof-goði, ‘temple-priest;’ and thus the temple became the nucleus of the new community, which was called goðorð, n.:—hence hof-goði, temple-priest, and höfðingi, chief, became synonymous, vide Eb. passim. Many independent goðar and goðorð sprang up all through the country, until about the year 930 the alþingi (q. v.) was erected, where all the petty sovereign chiefs (goðar) entered into a kind of league, and laid the foundation of a general government for the whole island. In 964 A. D. the constitution was finally settled, the number of goðorð being fixed at three in each þing ( shire), and three þing in each of the three other quarters, (but four in the north); thus the number of goðar came to be nominally thirty-nine, really thirty-six, as the four in the north were only reckoned as three, vide Íb. ch. 5. On the introduction of Christianity the goðar lost their priestly character, but kept the name; and the new bishops obtained seats in the Lögrétta (vide biskup). About the year 1004 there were created new goðar (and goðorð), who had to elect judges to the Fifth Court, but they had no seats in the Lögrétta, and since that time the law distinguishes between forn ( old) and ný ( new) goðorð;—in Glúm. ch. 1 the word forn is an anachronism. It is curious that, especially in the 12th century, the goðar used to take the lesser Orders from political reasons, in order to resist the Romish clergy, who claimed the right of forbidding laymen to be lords of churches or to deal with church matters; thus the great chief Jón Loptsson was a sub-deacon; at last, about 1185, the archbishop of Norway forbade the bishops of Icel. to ordain any holder of a goðorð, unless they first gave up the goðorð, fyrir því bjóðum vér biskupum at vígja eigi þá menn er goðorð hafa, D. I. i. 291. In the middle of the 13th century the king of Norway induced the goðar to hand their power over to him, and thus the union with Norway was finally brought about in the year 1262; since that time, by the introduction of new codes (1272 and 1281), the name and dignity of goðar and goðorð disappeared altogether, so that the name begins and ends with the Commonwealth.B. DUTIES.—In the alþingi the goðar were invested with the Lögrettu-skipan (q. v.), that is to say, they composed the Lögrétta (the Legislative consisting of forty-eight members—on the irregularity of the number vide Íb. ch. 5), and were the lawgivers of the country; secondly, they had the dómnefna (q. v.), or right of naming the men who were to sit in the courts, vide dómr:—as to their duties in the quarter-parliaments (vár-þing) vide Grág. Þ. Þ. and the Sagas. The authority of the goðar over their liegemen at home was in olden times somewhat patriarchal, vide e. g. the curious passage in Hænsaþ. S. ch. 2; though no section of law relating to this interesting part of the old history is on record, we can glean much information from the Sagas. It is to be borne in mind that the goðar of the Saga time (10th century) and those of the Grágás and Sturlunga time (12th and 13th centuries) were very different; the former were a kind of sovereign chiefs, who of free will entered into a league; the latter had become officials, who for neglecting their duties in parliament might be fined, and even forfeit the goðorð to their liegemen, vide Grág. Þ. Þ. Neither þing (q. v.) nor goðorð was ever strictly geographical (such is the opinion of Konrad Maurer), but changed from time to time; the very word goðorð is defined as ‘power’ (veldi), and was not subject to the payment of tithe, K. Þ. K. 142. The goðorð could be parcelled out by inheritance or by sale; or they might, as was the case in the latter years of the Commonwealth, accumulate in one hand, vide esp. Sturl. passim, and Grág. The liegemen (þingmenn) were fully free to change their lords (ganga í lög með goða, ganga ór lögum); every franklin (þingmaðr) had in parliament to declare his þingfesti, i. e. to name his liegeship, and say to what goði and þing he belonged, and the goði had to acknowledge him; so that a powerful or skilful chief might have liegemen scattered all over the country. But the nomination to the courts and the right of sitting in the legislative body were always bound to the old names, as fixed by the settlement of the year 964; and any one who sought the name or influence of a goði had first (by purchase, inheritance, or otherwise) to become possessor of a share of one of the old traditionary goðorð; see the interesting chapter in Nj. The three goðar in one þing ( shire) were called sam-goða, joint-goðar; for the sense of allsherjar-goði vide p. 17.C. NAMES.—Sometimes a chief’s name referred to the god whom he especially worshipped, as Freys-Goði, Hrafn., Gísl., whence Freys-gyðlingar, q. v.; (the ör-goði is dubious); more frequently the name referred to the liegemen or county, e. g. Ljósvetninga-Goði, Tungu-Goði, etc.; but in the Saga time, goði was often added to the name almost as a cognomen, and with some, as Snorri, it became a part of their name (as Cato Censor in Latin); hann varðveitti þá hof, var hann þá kallaðr Snorri Goði, Eb. 42; seg, at sá sendi, er meiri vin var húsfreyjunnar at Fróðá en Goðans at Helgafelli, 332. Names on record in the Sagas:—men living from A. D. 874 to 964, Hallsteinn Goði, Landn., Eb.; Sturla Goði, Landn. 65; Jörundr Goði and Hróarr Tungu-Goði, id.; Ljótólfr Goði, Sd.; Hrafnkell Freys-Goði, Hrafn.; Oddr Tungu-Goði, Landn.; Þormóðr Karnár-Goði, Vd.; Áskell Goði, Rd.; Úlfr Ör-goði, Landn.; Grímkell Goði, Harð. S.; Þorgrímr Freys-goði, Gísl. 100, 110:—964 to 1030, Arnkell Goði, Landn., Eb.; Þorgrímr Goði, Eb.; Geirr Goði, Landn., Nj.; Runólfr Goði, id.; Þóroddr Goði, Kristni S.; Þormóðr Allsherjar-Goði, Landn.; Þorgeirr Goði, or Ljósvetninga-Goði, Nj., Landn.; (Þorkell Krafla) Vatnsdæla-Goði, Vd.; Helgi Hofgarða-Goði, Landn., Eb.; Snorri Hlíðarmanna-Goði, Lv.; Þórarinn Langdæla-Goði, Heiðarv. S.; and last, not least, Snorri Goði:—in the following period goði appears, though very rarely, as an appellative, e. g. Þormóðr Skeiðar-Goði (about 1100):—of the new goðar of 1004, Höskuldr Hvítaness-Goði, Nj.:—used ironically, Ingjaldr Sauðeyja-Goði, Ld.2. goðorð mentioned by name,—in the south, Allsherjar-goðorð, Landn. (App.) 336; Dalverja-goðorð, Sturl. ii. 48; Lundarmanna-goðorð, i. 223; Reykhyltinga-goðorð, 104, iii. 166, 169; Bryndæla-goðorð, Kjaln. S. 402: in the north, Ljósvetninga-goðorð, Lv. ch. 30; Möðruvellinga-goðorð, Bs. i. 488; Vatnsdæla-goðorð, Fs. 68; Fljótamanna-goðorð, Sturl. i. 138: in the west, Snorrunga-goðorð, 55; Jöklamanna-goðorð, iii. 166; Rauðmelinga-goðorð, Eb. 288; Reyknesinga-goðorð, Sturl. i. 9, 19; Þórsnesinga-goðorð, 198: the new godords of the Fifth Court, Laufæsinga-goðorð, Nj. 151; Melamanna-goðorð, id., Band., Sturl. i. 227. Passages in the Sagas and Laws referring to goðar and goðorð are very numerous, e. g. Íb. ch. 5, Nj. ch. 98, Grág., Lögréttu-þáttr, and Þ. Þ. passim, esp. ch. 1–5, 17, 35, 37, 39, 44, 58, 60, 61, Lv. ch. 4 (interesting), Vd. ch. 27, 41 (in fine), and 42, Vápn., Hrafn. ch. 2, Eb. ch. 10, 56, Sturl. iii. 98, 104, passim; for the accumulation of godords, see i. 227 (3, 22), Bs. i. 54; for the handing over the godords to the king of Norway, D. I. i; and esp. article 3 of the Sáttmáli, D. I. i. 631, 632. The godords were tithe-free, ef maðr á goðorð, ok þarf eigi þat til tíundar at telja, vald er þat en eigi fé:, K. Þ. K. 142.COMPDS: goðakviðr, goðalýrittr, goðaþáttr.II. = goð, i. e. good genius, in the Icel. game at dice called goða-tafl, with the formula, heima ræð eg goða minn bæði vel og lengi, … og kasta eg svo fyrir þig, cp. also ást-goði. -
7 innan
* * *adv.1) from within, from an inner part (reru þeir innan í móti þeim); læsti hón loptinu i., she locked the door from the inside;2) internally, within; gengu þeir um kirkjuna i., all around the inside of the church; rak þá síðan um haf i., all about the sea; fyrir i., prep. with acc. Inside of, within; fyrir i. stokk, in-doors;3) prep. with gen. Within; i. lítils tíma, within a short time, presently; esp. in a great many adverbial compds.* * *adv. [Ulf. innana = εσωθεν], from within, from an inner part; Ólafr hélt útan í fjörðinn …, þar reri innan í móti Erlendr, Hkr. i. 251; réru þeir innan í móti þeim, Fms. vii. 201: adv. from the inside, læsti hón loptinu innan, Nj. 7.II. [A. S. innan; Dan. inden], within, chiefly with a prep., innan um, í, etc., with or without motion; láta boð fara hérað innan, N. G. L. i. 352: inwardly, within, inside, Greg. 19: within, sitja í dómhring innan, Grág. i. 78; um veröld innan, in all the world, 625. 163; senda um heim innan, Hom. 149; örkina reiddi um haf innan, Ver. 8; í valhnotar skurn innan, Fms. vii. 225; ok fannsk þar í innan eirteinn, ii. 129; hón seri því um gamman bæði útan ok innan, i. 9; rak þau síðan um haf innan, 226:—fyrir innan, see fyrir, p. 182, C. xi; fyrir innan Agðanes, Fms. i. 12; fyrir innan Þórsbjörg, iv. 12; fyrir innan Skarðsheiði, Eg. 754; svá mikit átti kirkjan fyrir innan sik, Vm. 36; fyrir innan stokk, in-doors, opp. to útan stokks, out-of-doors, Nj. 11, Grág. i. 333, Ísl. ii. 401: dropping the prep., kirkja á innan sik (i. e. as in-door’s inventory) krossa tvá, Vm. 1; þat sem henni (viz. the church) innan sik ok útan til heyrir, Dipl. ii. 13.B. With gen. within; innan lítils tíma, within a short time, presently, Fms. iii. 133; innan mánaðar, within a month, Ann. 1362; innan þrjá tigi daga, Sks. 592; innan fára ára, Landn. 271, v. l.II. but esp. in a great many adverbial COMPDS, followed by a genitive, within, inside of: innan-borðs, [Dan. inden-bord], on board, Eg. 161, Fms. iii. 181, Gísl. 49. innan-borgar, within the town, Fms. xi. 74, 76, Stj. 505. innanborgar-maðr, m. a townsman, 655 iii. 4. innan-brjósts, within one’s breast, inwardly. innan-búðar, within the booth, K. Þ. K. 26. innan-bæjar, innan-býjar, [Dan. ind-byggir], within town, in-doors, (see bær), Gþl. 139, Fms. ix. 465. innan-dura, in-doors, Gg. 15. innan-fjarðar, within the firth ( district), Gþl. 11. innan-fjórðungs, within the quarter, Grág. i. 470. innanfjórðungs-maðr, m. the inhabitant of a fjórðung, Grág. i. 351, ii. 198. innan-fylkis, within a fylki (q. v.), Gþl. 289. innan-garða, [Dan. inden-gierds], within the ‘yard,’ inside the fence, Pm. 102. innan-garðs, [Dan. inden-gaard], within doors. innan-gátta, within the door-groove, in-doors, Vm. 95. innan-gengt, n. adj. having a thoroughfare from within; var innangengt ór stofunni í matbúr; innangengt var í fjósit, Valla L. 218, Gísl. 28. innan-hallar, within the hall, Fas. i. 60. innan-handar, in hand, within reach, Nj. 105, Ld. 112, Fs. 24. innan-héraðs, within the hérað, Jb. 75, 338, 363, 422. innanhéraðs-maðr, m. an inmate of a hérað, Grág. ii. 405. innan-hirðar, within the hirð, Sks. 249, Nj. 6, Fms. xi. 72. innan-hrepps, within a Rape. innanhrepps-maðr, m. the inhabitant of a Rape, Grág. i. 293. innan-húss, within the house, in-doors, Fms. xi. 438, Gþl. 376, K. Þ. K. 3. innan-kirkju, within church, Fms. xi. 429, Vm. 6. innan-lands, [Dan. inden-lands], within the land, at home, opp. to abroad, Fms. i. 5, Hkr. i. 175. innanlands-fólk, n. the people of the land, opp. to foreigners, Fms. i. 37. innanlands-höfðingi, m. a native chief, Fas. i. 341. innanlands-menn, m. pl. natives, Fms. xi. 226. innan-rifja, within the ribs, inwardly, Bs. i. 305, Th. 15, Fas. i. 286. innan-skamms, yet a little while. innan-sóknar, within a parish. innansóknar-maðr, m. a parishioner. innan-stafs, within a paling, N. G. L. i. 244, Gþl. 437. innan-stokks, in-doors, Vm. 177 (of movables). innan-veggja, within the walls, Am. 45, Sd. 179, Vm. 108, Dipl. v. 12. innan-þinga, pl. within the parish, Vm. 92. innan-þings, within a þing ( jurisdiction). innanþings-maðr, m. the inhabitant of a þing, Grág. i. 101. -
8 ÉR
I) (older form es), rel. part. in old poems and in law phrases ‘es’ is suffixed to a demonstrative or interrogative word, pron. or adv., as s: sás, sús, þats, þeims, þærs; þars, þás, þegars, síðans, hveims, hvars, &c., = sá es, sú es, þar es, þá es, &c.I. used as a rel. pron., indecl., who, which, that;1) Mörðr hét maðr, er (nom.) kallaðr var gígja;grös fögr, er (acc.) hón hafði í hendi;aðra hluti þá, er (gen.) menn vildu visir verða;þann einn son, er (dat.) hann ann lítit;2) with a prep. placed at the end of the sentence;land, er hann kom frá, the land he came from;jötunn, er ór steini var höfuðit á (viz. honum), whose head was of stone;3) ellipt., the prep. being understood;ór þeim ættum, er mér þóttu fuglarnir fljúga (viz. ór), from the quarter that I thought the birds flew from;þeir hafa nú látit líf sitt, er mér þykkir eigi vert at lifa (viz. eptir), whom I think it is not worth while to outlive;4) a personal or demonstr. pron. may be added to the rel. part., er þú, er þik; er hann, er hón, er hana, er hans, er hennar, er þeim, er þeiri, er þeira, etc.;œrr ertu, Loki, er þú (who) yðra telr ljóta leiðstafi;sá maðr, er hann vill, that man who wishes;nema ein Goðrún, er hón æva grét, who never wept;ekkja heitir sú, er búandi hennar (whose husband) varð sóttdauðr;þann konung, er undir honum eru skatt-konungar, that king under whom are tributary kings;5) in the fourteenth century added to the int. pron., hverr;þat herbergi, í hverju er hann ( in which = er hann í því) hefir sitt ráð ok ræðr;II. as a conj. and adv.1) local, er, þar er, there where;hann sá á eldinum fölskann, er netit hafði brunnit, where the net had been burnt;Ó. gekk þar til, er H. lá, to the spot where H. lay;2) of time, er, þá er, when;ok er, and when;en er, but when;þar til er, until;í því er, just when;eptir (þat) er, when;þegar er, as soon as (þegar er lýsti, stóð konungr upp);síðan er, since;meðan er, while;næst er vér kómum, next when we came;þá lét í hamrinum, sem er reið gengr, as when it thunders;ok fannst þat á öllu, er hón þóttist vargefin, that she thought she was thrown away;ek em þess sæll, er okkart félag sleit, I am happy that;skyldi fara fyrst leyniliga, en þó kom þar, er allir vissu, but it came to this, that every one knew of it.* * *pl., and it, dual, spelt ier, Ó. H. 147 (twice), 205, 216 (twice), 227; [Goth. jus = ὑμεις; A. S. ge; Engl. ye, you; Germ. ihr; Swed.-Dan. I]:—ye, you. That ér and not þér is the old form is clear from the alliteration of old poems and the spelling of old MSS.: allit., ér munuð allir eiða vinna, Skv. 1. 37; it (σφώ) munut alla eiða vinna, 31; hlaðit ér jarlar eiki-köstinn, Gh. 20; lífit einir ér þátta ættar minnar, Hðm. 4; æðra óðal en ér hafit, Rm. 45 (MS. wrongly þér); ér sjáið undir stórar yðvars Græðara blæða, Lb. 44 (a poem of the beginning of the 13th century). It is often spelt so in Kb. of Sæm.; hvers bíðit ér, Hkv. 2. 4; þó þykkisk ér, Skv. 3. 36; börðusk ér bræðr ungir, Am. 93; urðu-a it glíkir, Gh. 3; ef it, id.; en ér heyrt hafit, Hým. 38; þá er ( when) ér, ye, Ls. 51; er it heim komit, Skv. 1. 42: ér knáttuð, Edda 103 (in a verse): in very old MSS. (12th century) no other form was ever used, e. g. er it, 623. 24: þat er ér ( that which ye) heyrit, 656 A. 2. 15; ér bræðr …, mínnisk ér, ye brethren, remember ye, 7; treystisk ér, 623. 32; hræðisk eigi ér, 48. In MSS. of the middle of the 13th century the old form still occurs, e. g. Ó. H., ér hafit, 52; ér skolu, 216; þegar er ér komit, so soon as ye come, 67; sem ér mynit, 119; ér hafit, 141; til hvers er ér erot, that ye are, 151; ef ér vilit heldr, 166; ér erot allir, ye are all, 193; sem ér kunnut, 196; sem ier vilit, 205; sem ér vitoð, as ye know, 165; ef ér vilit, 208; þeim er ér sendoð, those that ye sent, 211: the Heiðarv. S. (MS. of the same time)—unz ér, (Ísl. ii.) 333: ef ér þurfut, 345; er it farit, 346 (twice); allz ér erut, id.; er ér komið, as ye come, id.; en ér sex, but ye six, 347; ok ér, and ye, 361; ér hafit þrásamliga, 363; eða it feðgar, 364: Jómsvík. S.—ef ér, (Fms. xi.) 115, 123: Mork. 9, 63, 70, 98, 103, 106, passim. It even occurs now and then in Njála (Arna-Magn. 468)—ér erut, ye are, 223; hverrar liðveizlu ér þykkisk mest þurfa, 227: ér ertuð hann, Skálda 171; Farið-a ér, fare ye not, Hkr. i. (in a verse). It is still more freq. after a dental ð, t, þ; in old MSS. that give þ for ð it runs thus—vitoþ ér, hafiþ ér, skoluþ ér, meguþ er, lifiþ ér, etc., wot ye, have ye, shall ye, may ye, live ye, etc.; hence originates by way of diæresis the regular Icel. form þér, common both to old and mod. writers; vide þú, where the other forms will be explained. -
9 ἐπί
ἐπί, Thess. (before τ)Aἐτ IG9(2).517.14
(iii B. C.), Prep. with gen., dat., and acc., to denote the being upon or supported upon a surface or point.A WITH GEN.:I of Place,1 with Verbs of Rest, upon,καθέζετ' ἐ. θρόνου Il.1.536
;ἧστο.. ὑψοῦ ἐπ' ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς 13.12
;ἐ. πύργου ἔστη 16.700
;κεῖται ἐ. χθονός 20.345
: without a Verb expressed, ἔγχεα ὄρθ' ἐ. σαυρωτῆρος (sc. σταθέντα)ἐλήλατο 10.153
; ἔκλαγξαν ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ' ὤμων the arrows on his shoulders, 1.46; ἐ. γῆς, opp. ὑπὸ γῆς, Pl.Lg. 728a: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, as on a chariot, a horse, a ship, φεύγωμεν ἐφ' ἵππων on our chariot, Il.24.356;οὐκ ἂν ἐφ' ὑμετ έρων ὀχέων.. ἵκεσθον 8.455
;ἄγαγε.. δῶρ' ἐπ' ἀπήνης 24.447
;ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης.. ὠχέετο Hdt.1.31
;ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων ὀχεῖσθαι X.Cyr.4.5.58
;οὓς κῆρες φορέουσι.. ἐ. νηῶν Il.8.528
;πέμπειν τινὰς ἐ. τριήροιν X.HG5.4.56
, etc.;ἐπ' ὤμου.. φέρειν Od.10.170
; τὴν κλεῖδα περιφέρειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ to carry the key about on his person, Numen. ap. Eus.PE14.7; βαδιοῦνται ἐ. δυοῖν σκελοῖν, ἐφ' ἑνὸς πορεύσονται σκέλους, Pl.Smp. 190d; ἐπ' ἄκρων ὁδοιπορεῖν walk on tiptoe, S.Aj. 1230; of places, upon, if the place is an actual support,νέρθε κἀπὶ γῆς ἄνω Id.OT 416
; ἐ. τοῦ εὐωνύμον on the left, ἐ. τῶν πλευρῶν on the flanks, X.An.1.8.9,3.2.36; but most freq., in, rarely in Hom., ἐπ' ἀγροῦ in the country. Od. 1.190;γᾶς ἐ. ξένας S.OC 1705
(lyr.);νήσου τῆσδ' ἐφ' ἧς ναίει Id.Ph. 613
;ἐ. ξένας δμωῒς ἐπ' ἀλλοτρίας πόλεος E.Andr. 137
(lyr.);οἱ ἐ. Θρᾴκης σύμμαχοι Th.5.35
;τοὺς ἐ. τῆς Ἀσίας κατοικοῦντας Isoc.12.103
; ἐπ' οἰκήματος κατίσαι, καθῆσθαι, in a brothel, Hdt.2.121.έ, Pl. Chrm. 163b;τοὺς ἐ. τῶν οἰκημάτων καθεζομένους Aeschin.1.74
;ἐ. τῶν ἐργαστηρίων καθίζειν Isoc.7.15
; μένειν ἐ. τῆς αὐτῶν (sc. χώρας ) remain in statu quo, Indut. ap. Th.4.118;οἱ ἐπ' ἐρημίας λῃστεύοντες Jul. Or.7.210a
; later of towns,ἐπ' Ἀλεξανδρείας BGU908.16
(ii A.D.), etc.; sts. also, at or near, ἐπ' αὐτάων (sc. τῶν πηγῶν) Il.22.153;κόλπος ὁ ἐ. Ποσιδηΐου Hdt.7.115
; αἱ ἐ. Λήμνου ἐπικείμεναι νῆσοι off Lemnos, ib.6 codd.; τὰ ἐ. Θρᾴκης the Thrace- ward region, Th.1.59, cf. IG12.45.17, etc.; ποταμοὶ ἐφ' ὧν ἔξεστιν ἡμῖν ταμιεύεσθαι.. on, i.e. near which.., X.An.2.5.18; ἐ. τῶν τραπεζῶν at the money-changers' tables, Pl.Ap. 17c; in Geom., αἱ ἐφ' ὧν AA BB [ γραμμαί] the lines AA BB, Arist.EN 1132b6, etc.; ἕλιξ ἐφ' ἇς τὰ ΑΒΓΔ a spiral ABCD, Archim.Spir.13 (cf. B.1.1k); also ἐ. τοῦ βάτου in the passage concerning the bush, Ev.Marc.12.26.2 in various relations not strictly local, μένειν ἐ. τῆς ἀρχῆς remain in the command, X.Ages.1.37; μένειν ἐ. τινος abide by it, D.4.9; ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων, ἐ. τοῦ πολεμεῖν εἶναι, to be engaged in.., Id.15.11, Prooem.1; ἐ. ὀνόματος εἶναι bear a name, Id.39.21;ἔχεται πόλις ἐ. νόσου S.Ant. 1141
(lyr.).b of ships, ὁρμεῖν ἐπ' ἀγκύρας ride at (i.e. in dependence upon an) anchor, Hdt.7.188; ἐ. προσπόλου μιᾶς χωρεῖν dependent upon an attendant, S.OC 746.c with the personal and reflexive Pron., once in Hom.,εὔχεσθε.. σιγῇ ἐφ' ὑμείων Il.7.195
; later mostly with [ per.] 3rd pers., ἐπ' ἑωυτῶν κεῖσθαι by themselves, Hdt.2.2, cf. 8.32;οἰκέειν κώμην Id.5.98
;ἐ. σφῶν αὐτῶν αὐτόνομοι οἰκεῖν Th.2.63
;ἵζεσθαι Hdt.9.17
;ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν πλεῖν Th.8.8
; ἐπ' ὑμέων αὐτῶν βαλέσθαι consider it by yourselves, Hdt.3.71, etc.;αὐτὴ ἐφ' αὑτῆς σκοποῦσα Th.6.40
; ; ἐπ' ἑωυτῶν διαλέγονται speak in a dialect of their own, Hdt. 1.142; alsoαὐτοὶ ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν χωρεῖν X. An.2.4.10
; , cf. Sph. 217c; τὸ ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν μόνον προορώμενοι considering their own interest only, th.1.17.d with numerals, to denote the depth of a body of soldiers, ἐ. τεττάρων ταχφῆναι to be drawn up four deep, four in file, X.An.1.2.15, etc.; ἐ. πεντήκοντα ἀσπίδων συνεστραμμένοι, of the Thebansat Leuctra, Id.HG 6.4.12; ἐπ' ὀλίγων τεταγμένοι, i.e. in a long thin line, Id.An.4.8.11; ; ἐφ' ἑνὸς ἄγειν in single file, X.Cyr.2.4.2, cf. An.5.2.6; rarely of the length of the line,ἐ. τεσσάρων ταξάμενοι τὰς ναῦς Th.2.90
; in X.,ἐγένοντο τὸ μέτωπον ἐ. τριακοσίων.. τὸ δὲ βάθος ἐφ' ἑκατόν Cyr.2.4.2
; πλεῖν ἐ. κέρως, ἐ. κέρας, v. infr. c.1.3; ἐ. φάλαγγος γίγνεται τὸ στράτευμα is formed in column, An.4.6.6, etc. (but in E.Ph. 1467, ἀσπίδων ἔπι is merely in or under arms): hence, generally, ἐ. ὀκτὼ πλίνθων τὸ εὖρος eight bricks wide, X.An.7.8.14.e c. gen. pers., before, in presence of,ἐ. μαρτύρων.. πράσσεταί τι Antipho 2.3.8
;ἐξελέγχεσθαι ἐ. πάντων D.25.36
; so, before a magistrate or official,ἐ. τοῦ στρατηγοῦ POxy. 38.11
(i A.D.), cf. UPZ71.15 (ii B.C.), Ev.Matt.28.14;γράψομαί σε ἐ. Ῥαδαμάνθυος Luc.Cat.18
;τινὰ εἰς δίκην καὶ κρίσιν ἐ. τῶν στρατοπέδων προκαλεῖν Jul.Or.1.30d
;πίστεις δοῦναι ἐ. θεῶν D.H.5.29
; but ἐπὶ δικασταῖς is f.l. in D.19.243 (leg. ἔπη).f with Verbs of perceiving, observing, judging, etc., in the case of,ἐπὶ νούσων παντοίων ἐπύθοντο Emp.112.10
;ὁρᾶν τι ἐ. τινος X.Mem.3.9.3
;αἰσθάνεσθαί τι ἐ. τινος Pl.R. 406c
, etc.;τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν ἐ. τινος Hyp.Eux.32
;τὰ συμβόλαια ἐ. τῶν νόμων σκοπεῖν D.18.210
; ἐπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων ἂν ἐσκόπει ib.233, cf. 25.2 (v.l.);ἐφ' ἑνός τι παριδεῖν Lycurg.64
;τὰς ἐναντιώσεις ἐ. μὲν τῶν λόγων τηροῦντες, ἐ. δὲ τῶν ἔργων μὴ καθορῶντες Isoc.13.7
;οὐδεὶς ἐφ' αὑτοῦ τὰ κακὰ συνορᾷ Men.631
;ἀγνοεῖν τι ἐ. τινος X.Mem.2.3.2
; also with Verbs of speaking, on a subject,λέγειν ἐ. τινος Pl.Chrm. 155d
, R. 524e, etc.;ἐπιδεῖξαί τι ἐ. τινος Isoc.8.109
; .3 implying Motion:a where the sense of motion is lost in the sense of being supported, ὀρθωθεὶς.. ἐπ' ἀγκῶνος having raised himself upon his elbow, Il.10.80;ἐ. μελίης.. ἐρεισθείς 22.225
;τὴν μὲν.. καθεῖσεν ἐ. θρόνου 18.389
.b in a pregnant sense, denoting the goal of motion (cf.εἰς A.1.2
,ἐν A.1.8
), νῆα.. ἐπ' ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν drew the ship upon the land and left it there, 1.485; περάαν νήσων ἔπι carry to the islands and leave there, 21.454, cf.22.45;ἐ. τῆς γῆς καταπίπτειν X.Cyr.4.5.54
; ἀναβῆναι ἐ. τῶν πύργων ib.7.1.39;ἐπ' Ἀβύδου ἀφικομέναις Th.8.79
(v.l.); freq. of motion towards or (in a military sense) upon a place,προτρέποντο μελαινάων ἐ. νηῶν Il.5.700
;τρέσσε.. ἐφ' ὁμίλου 11.546
(but νήσου ἔ. Ψυρίης νέεσθαι to go near Psyria, Od.3.171); ἐπ' οἴκου ἀπελαύνειν, ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀποχωρεῖν, homewards, Hdt.2.121.δ, Th.1.30,87, etc.; also with names of places,ἰέναι ἐ. Κυζίκου Hdt.4.14
;πλεῖν ἐ. Χίου Id.1.164
, cf. 168; ἀποπλεῖν ἐπ' αἰγύπτου ib. 1;ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι ἐ. Θεσσαλίης Id.5.64
; ὁ κόλπος ὁ ἐ. Παγασέων φέρων the bay that leads to Pagasae, Id.7.193; ἡ ἐ. βαβυλῶνος ὁδός the road leading to B., X.Cyr. 5.3.45, cf.An.6.3.24.c metaph., ἐ. γνώμης τινὸς γίγνεσθαι come to an opinion, D.4.7;ἐπ' ἐλπίδος γενέσθαι Plu.Sol.14
; ὡς ἐ. κινδύνου as if to meet danger, Th.6.34;ἐ. τοῦ ἀλύπως ζῆν
with a view to..,Pl.
Prt. 358b; cf. infr. B. 111.2.II of Time, in the time of,ἐ. προτέρων ἀνθρώπων Il.5.637
,23.332;ἐ. Κρόνου Hes.Op. 111
; ἐ. Κέκροπος, ἐ. Δαρείου, etc., Hdt.8.44,6.98, etc.;ἐ. τῶν τριάκοντα Lys.13.2
;ὀλιγαρχία ἡ ἐ. τῶν τετρακοσίων καταστᾶσα Isoc.8.108
; ἐ. τούτου τυραννεύοντος, ἐ. Λέοντος βασιλεύοντος, ἐ. Μήδων ἀρχόντων, etc., Hdt.1.15,65, 134, etc.;ἐ. τῆς ἐμῆς βασιλείας Isoc.3.32
; ἐπ' ἐμεῦ in my time, Hdt.1.5, 2.46, etc.;ἡ εἰρήνη ἡ ἐπ' Ἀνταλκίδου D.20.54
, cf. X.HG5.1.36;αἱ ἐπ' Ἀσδρούβα γενόμεναι ὁμολογίαι Plb.3.15.5
; ἐπ' εἰρήνης in time of peace, Il.2.797, 9.403;ἐπ' ἐμῆς νεότητος Ar.Ach. 211
(lyr.);ἐ. Λάχητος καὶ τοῦ προτέρου πολέμου Th.6.6
; ἐπ' ἡμέρης ἑκάστης v.l. for -ῃ -τῃ in Hdt.5.117.b later ἐ. δείπνου at dinner, Luc.Asin.3; ἐ. τῆς τραπέζης, ἐφ' ἑκάστης κύλικος, Plu.Alex.23; ἐ. τῆς κύλικος, ἐ. τοῦ ποτηρίου, Luc.Pisc.34, Plu.Alex.53.III in various causal senses:1 over, of persons in authority,ἐπ' οὗ ἐτάχθημεν Hdt.5.109
; οἱ ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων the public officers, D.18.247; freq. in forged decrees, ὁ ἐ. τῶν ὅπλων στρατηγός ib.38; ὁ ἐ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν, τῶν ἱππέων, ib.116; ὁ ἐ. τῆς διοικήσεως ib.38 (but cf. c. 111.3); τοῦ ἐ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν is f.l. in Lys. 32.5;ὁ ἐ. τῆς χώρας στρατηγός Plu.Phoc.32
;οἱ ἐ. τῶν σιτοποιῶν καὶ μαγείρων Id.Alex.23
;ὁ ἐ. τοῦ οἴνου Id.Pyrrh.5
; ὁ ἐ. τῶν ἐπιστολῶν τοῦ Ὄθωνος, = Lat. ab epistulis, his secretary, Id.Oth.9; cf. B. 111.6.2 κεκλῆσθαι ἐ. τινος to be called after him, Hdt.4.45;ἐ. τινος μετονομασθῆναι Id.1.94
:ἐ. τινος τὰς ἐπωνυμίας ἔχειν Id.4.107
; ἐ. τινος ἐπώνυμος γίγνεσθαι ib. 184; alsoἐπ' ὀνόματος καλεῖν Plb.5.35.2
.3 of occasions, circumstances, and conditions, οὐκ ἐ. τούτου μόνον, ἀλλ' ἐ. πάντων, on all occasions, D.21.38, cf. 183;ἐφ' ἑκάστων Pl.Phlb. 25e
;ἐφ' ἑκατέρου Id.Tht. 159c
;ἐφ' ἑκάστης μαντείας D.21.54
; ἐπ' ἐξουσίας καὶ πλούτου πονηρὸν εἶναι in.. ib.138; ἐ. τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος ib.72, cf. 18.17;τὴν ἐ. τῆς πομπῆς καὶ τοῦ μεθύειν πρόφασιν λαβών Id.21.180
;ἐ. σχολῆς Aeschin.3.191
;ἐπ' ἀδείας Plu. Sol.22
;ἐπ' ἀληθείας Ev.Marc.12.14
, POxy.255.16 (i A.D.): hence in adverbial phrases, ἐπ' ἴσας (sc. μοίρας) equally, S.El. 1062 (lyr.);ἐ. καιροῦ D.20.90
; ἐπ' ἐσχάτων at the last, LXXDe.17.7 (v.l. ἐσχάτῳ) ; ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος for the present, SIG543.6 (Epist. Philipp.).4 in respect of,ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων Arist.Pol. 1280a17
, cf. EN 1131b18; concerning,τὰ ἐπ' αὐτῶν ἐνεστηκότα PTeb.7.6
(ii B. C.).B WITH DAT.:I of Place, upon, just like the gen. (hence Poets use whichever case suits the metre, whereas in Prose the dat. is more freq.):1 with Verbs of Rest,ἕζεο τῷδ' ἐ. δίφρῳ Il.6.354
;ἧντ' ἐ. πύργῳ 3.153
;στῆ δ' ἐ... νηΐ 8.222
;κεῖσθαι ἐ. τινι X.An.1.8.27
; καίειν ἐ. πᾶσι (sc. βωμοῖς) Il.8.240;ἔβραχε χαλκὸς ἐ. στήθεσσι 4.420
;ἐ. χθονὶ δέρκεσθαι 1.88
, etc.: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, (v.l. for ἐν); ἐπ' ὤμοις φέρειν E.Ph. 1131
(but ἐφ' ἵππῳ, ἐφ' ἵπποις and the like are never used for ἐφ' ἵππου, etc.); of places, mostly in,ἐ. τῇ χώρῃ Hdt.5.77
;τἀπὶ Τροίᾳ πέργαμα S.Ph. 353
;ἐπ' ἐσχάτοις τόποις Id.Tr. 1100
;ἐ. τῇ ψυχῇ δάκνομαι Id.Ant. 317
; also, at or near,ἐ. κρήνῃ Od.13.408
;ἐ. θύρῃσι Il.2.788
, etc.; of rivers, etc., by, beside,ἐ. ὠκυρόῳ Κελάδοντι.. 7.133
, etc.;ἐπ' ἐσχάρῃ Od.7.160
;ἐ. νηυσί Il.1.559
, etc.; of persons, οὐ τἀπὶ Λυδοῖς οὐδ' ἐπ' Ὀμφάλῃ λατρεύματα in Lydia, in the power of O., S.Tr. 356.b on or over, ἐπ' Ἰφιδάμαντι over the body of Iphidamas, Il.11.261, cf. 4.470; ; also, over or in honour of,ἐ. σοὶ κατέθηκε.. ἄεθλα Od.24.91
; [βοῦς] ἐ. Πατρόκλῳ πέφνεν Il. 23.776
; , cf. Lys.2.80; in [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol.sepulchral Inscrr., Schwyzer 348,al.c in hostile sense, against, Hdt.1.61,6.74, 88, S.Ph. 1139 (lyr.), etc.; as a check upon,οἱ πρόβουλοι καθεστᾶσιν ἐ. τοῖς βουλευταῖς Arist.Pol. 1299b37
, cf. 1271a39; also, towards, in reference to,ἐ. πᾶσι χόλον τελέσαι Il.4.178
;ἐπ' ἔργοις πᾶσι S.OC 1268
;δικαιότερος καὶ ἐπ' ἄλλῳ ἔσσεαι Il.19.181
, cf. S.Tr. 994 (anap.), etc.;ἐ. τοῖς δυνατοῖς ἔχειν τὴν γνώμην Democr. 191
; τὸ ἐ. πᾶσιν τοῖς σώμασι κάλλος extending over all bodies, Pl. Smp. 210b; ἡ [παιδεία] ἡ ἐ. σώμασι, ἐ. ψυχῇ, Id.R. 376e; τἀπὶ σοὶ κακά the ills which lie upon thee, S.Ph. 806: in [dialect] Att. also, νόμον τίθεσθαι, θεῖναι ἐ. τινι, make a law for his case, whether for or against, Pl.Grg. 488d, Lexap.And.1.87;νόμους ἀναγράψαι ἐ. τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι D.24.5
; νόμος κεῖται ἐ. τινι ib.70; τἀπὶ τῷ πλήθει νενομοθετημένα ib.123, cf. 142; τί θεσμοποιεῖς ἐ. ταλαιπώρῳ νεκρῷ; E.Ph. 1645.d. of accumulation, upon, after, ὄγχνη ἐπ' ὄγχνῃ one pear after another, pear on pear, Od.7.120;ἐ. κέρδεϊ κέρδος Hes.Op. 644
;ἄτη ἑτέρα ἐπ' ἄτῃ A. Ch. 404
(lyr.); πήματα ἐ. πήμασι, ἐ. νόσῳ νόσος, S.Ant. 595, OC 544 (both lyr.).e. in addition to, over and above, besides, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γ'ἐ. εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν Od.17.454
, cf. 308;ἄλλα τε πόλλ' ἐ. τῇσι παρίσχομεν Il.9.639
, cf. Od.22.264; ἐ. τοῖσι besides, 24.277;ἐ. τούτοις Him.Or.14.10
; so of Numerals,τρισχιλίους ἐ. μυρίοις Plu.Publ.20
, cf. Jul.Or.4.148c, etc.;γυναῖκ' ἐφ' ἡμῖν.. ἔχει E.Med. 694
: with Verbs of eating and drinking, with,ἐ. τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ X.Cyr.6.2.27
; νέκταρποτίσαι ἐπ' ἀμβροσίᾳ Pl.Phdr. 247e
; esp. of a relish, κάρδαμον μόνονἐ. τῷ σίτῳ ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.2.11
;παίειν ἐφ' ἁλὶ τὰν μᾶδδαν Ar.Ach. 835
: metaph., ἐ. τῷ φάγοις ἥδιστ' ἄν; ἐ. βαλλαντίῳ; Id.Eq. 707; later ἐ. γογγυλίσι διαβιῶναι live on turnips, Ath.10.419a.g. in dependence upon, in the power of,τὰ δ' οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κεῖται Pi.P.8.76
; ἐ. τινί ἐστι it is in his power to do, c.inf., Hdt.8.29, etc.;ἐ. σοί ἐστιν ἀναζωπυρεῖν M.Ant.7.2
;ἐ. ἑτέροις γίγνεσθαι Th.6.22
; ἐ. τῷ πλήθει in their hands, S.OC66, cf. Th.2.84; τὸ ἐπ' ἐμοί, τὸ ἐ. ἐκείνῳ, etc., as far as is in my power, etc., X. Cyr.5.4.11, Isoc.4.142, etc.;τὸ ἐ. τούτοις εἶναι Lys.28.14
; ἐ. τοῖς υἱάσι their property, Leg.Gort.4.37.h. according to, ἐ. τοῖς νόμοις Lexap.D. 24.56;ἐ. πᾶσι δικαίοις ποιούμεθα τοὺς λόγους Id.20.88
;ἐ. προφάσει θηρός S.Tr. 662
codd.(lyr.).i. of condition or circumstances in which one is,ἀτελευτήτῳ ἐ. ἔργῳ Il.4.175
, etc.;ἐπ' ἀρρήτοις λόγοις S.Ant. 556
; (lyr.);ταύταις ἐ. συντυχίαις Pi.P.1.36
;ἐπ' εὐπραξίᾳ S.OC 1554
;ἐ. τῷ παρόντι Th.2.36
; ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ λαβεῖν, v. αὐτόφωρος; also ἐ. τῷ δείπνῳ at dinner, X.Cyr.1.3.12, Thphr.Char. 3.2;ἐ. τῇ κύλικι Pl.Smp. 214b
;ἐ. θαλίαις E.Med. 192
(anap.).k. Geom., of the point, etc., at which letters are written, κέντρον ἐφ' ᾧ K Hippocr. ap. Simp.in Ph.64.14; ἡ [γραμμὴ] ἐφ' ᾗ HK the line HK, Arist.Mete. 375b22.2. with Verbs of Motion:a. where the sense of motion merges in that of support,ἐ. χθονὶ βαίνει Il.4.443
;θεῖναι ἐ. γούνασιν 6.92
;καταθέσθαι ἐ. γαίῃ 3.114
; ἱστὸν ἔστησεν ἐ.ψαμάθοις 23.853
;ἐ. φρεσὶ θῆκε 1.55
; δυσφόρους ἐπ' ὄμμασι γνώμαςβαλεῖν S.Aj.51
, etc.b. in pregnant construction, πέτονται ἐπ' ἄνθεσιν fly on to the flowers and settle there, Il.2.89; ἐκ.. βαῖνον ἐ.ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης Od.15.499
;καθεῖσεν ἐ. Σκαμάνδρῳ Il.5.36
; ἦλθε δ'ἐ. Κρήτεσσι 4.251
, cf. 273;νῆες εἰρύατ'.. ἐ. θινὶ θαλάσσης 4.248
.c. rarely for εἰς c.acc.,νηυσὶν ἔ. γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν 5.327
, 11.274.d. in hostile sense, upon or against, ἐ. τινι ἔχειν, ἰθύνειν ἵππους, 5.240, 8.110; ἐ. τινι ἱέναι βέλος, ἰθύνεσθαι ὀϊστόν, 1.382, Od.22.8; ἐ. τοιἈκράγαντι τανύσαις Pi.O.2.91
;ἐ. Τυδεΐδῃ ἐτιταίνετο.. τόξα Il.5.97
;ἐφ' Ἕκτορι.. ἀκοντίσσαι 16.358
;κύνας.. σεύῃ ἐπ' ἀγροτέρῳ συΐ 11.293
;ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ' ἀνδράσιν Od.10.214
, cf. E.Ph. 1379, etc.: also ἐ. τινιτετάχθαι Th.2.70
, 3.13;ὅστις φάρμακα δηλητήρια ποιοῖ ἐ. Τηΐοισιν SIG37.2
(Teos, v B.C.).II. of Time, rarely, and never in good [dialect] Att., exc. in sense of succession (infr. 2), ἐ. νυκτί by night, Il.8.529;ἐφ' ἡμέρῃ, αἱ δ' ἐ. νυκτί Hes.Op. 102
; ἐπ' ἤματι τῷδε on this very day, Il.13.234; ἐπ' ἤματι for to-day, 19.229, 10.48, Od.2.284; αἰεὶ ἐπ' ἤματι every day, 14.105;ἐπ' ἡμέρῃ ἑκάστῃ Hdt.4.112
, 5.53, cf. D.S. 34/5.2.1;ὁ ἥλιος νέος ἐφ' ἡμέρῃ ἐστίν Heraclit.6
;ἐ. τρίς Act.Ap.10.16
, PHolm.1.18.2. of succession, after, ἕκτῃ ἐ. δέκα on the 16th of the month, Chron. ap. D.18.155, Decr.ib.181 ( δεκάτῃ codd.); τετράδιἐ. δέκα IG12.304.62
; πρὸ τῆς ἕκτης ἐ. δέκα ib.22.1361.19; ἐπ' ἐξεργασμένοισι, = Lat. re peracta, Hdt.4.164, etc.; ἐ. τινι ἀγορεύειν, ἀνίστασθαι, E.Or. 898, 902, X.Cyr.2.3.7, etc.;ἐ. διεφθαρμένοισι Ἴωσι Hdt.1.170
, τὰ ἐ. τούτοισι, = Lat. quod superest, Id.9.78, cf. Th.1.65, A.Ag. 255, etc.;τοὐπὶ τῷδε πῆμα E.Hipp. 855
(lyr.), etc.3. in the time of (cf. A. 11) only in Arc., A 21, cf. 666 (Orchom.).III. in various causal senses:1. of the occasion or cause, τετεύξεται ἄλγε' ἐπ' αὐτῇ for her, Il.21.585; ἐ. σοὶ μάλα πόλλ' ἔπαθον for thee, 9.492: freq. with Verbs expressing some mental affection,ἐπὶ παντὶ λόγῳ ἐπτοῆσθαι Heraclit.87
; μέγα φρονεῖν ἐ. τινι to be proud at or of a thing, Pl.Prt. 342d, X.HG3.4.11, etc.; χλιδᾶν ἐ . τινι S.El. 360; ἀγάλλεσθαι, ἀγανακτεῖν ἐ. τοῖς παροῦσι, X.An.2.6.26, Isoc.4.122;ὀνομαστὸς ἐ. τινι γεγονέναι X.Mem.1.2.61
; also ἐφ' αἵματι φεύγειν to be tried on a capital charge, D.21.105; πληγὰς λαμβάνεινἐ. τινι X.Cyr.1.3.16
;ζημιοῦσθαι ἐ. τινι D.24.122
, etc.: in adverbial phrases [δικάσσαι] ἐπ' ἀρωγῇ with favour, Il.23.574;δολίῃ ἐ. τέχνῃ Hes. Th. 540
;ἐ. μιῇ αἰτίῃ ἀνήκεστον πάθος ἔρδειν Hdt.1.137
, etc.; ἐ . κακουργίᾳ καὶ οὐκ ἀρετῇ for malice, Th.1.37; ἐπ' εὐνοία, ἐπ' ἔχθρα, D. 18.273, 21.55; ἐπ' ἀγαθῇ ἐλπίδι with.., X.Mem.2.1.18, cf. Ep.Rom. 4.18; ἐφ' ἑκατέροις in both cases, Pl.Tht. 158d, cf. Xenoph.34.4; ἐ.δάκρυσί τινα καταστένειν E. Tr. 315
(lyr.); ἐ. τῇ πάσῃ συκοφαντίᾳ καὶ διασεισμῷ Mitteis Chr. 31 vI (ii B.C.), etc.2. of an end or purpose,υἱὸν ἐ. κτεάτεσσι λιπέσθαι Il.5.154
, cf. 9.482; ἐ. δόρπῳ for supper, Od.18.44;ἐ. κακῷ ἀνθρώπου σίδηρος ἀνεύρηται Hdt.1.68
;ἐ. διαφθορῇ Id.4.164
;ἐ. σῷ καιρῷ S.Ph. 151
(lyr.);ἐ. τῷ κέρδει X.Mem.1.2.56
; δῆσαι ἐ. θανάτῳ or τὴν ἐ. θανάτῳ, Hdt.9.37, 3.119, cf.1.109, X.An.1.6.10;ἐ. θανάτῳ συλλαβεῖν Isoc.4.154
; ἐπ' ἐξαγωγῇ for exportation, Hdt.5.6; χρηστηριάζεσθαι ἐ. τῇ χώρῃ with a view to gaining.., Id.1.66;ἐ. τούτοις ἐθύσαντο X.An.3.5.18
;ἐ. τῷ ὑβρίζεσθαι Th.1.38
, cf.34, etc.;τι κακοτεχνεῖν ἐ. αἰσχύνῃ τοῦ ἀνδρός PEleph.1.6
(iv B.C.).3. of the condition upon which a thing is done, ἐ. τούτοισι on these terms, Hdt.1.60, etc.;ἐ. τοῖσδε, ὥστε.. Th.3.114
; ἐ. τούτῳ, ἐπ' ᾧτε on condition that.., Hdt.3.83, cf. 7.158: in orat. obliq., ἐπ' or ἐφ' ᾧτε folld. by inf., Id.1.22, 7.154, X.HG2.2.20;ἐφ' ᾧ μηδὲν κακὸν ποιήσουσιν Th.1.126
(but ἐφ' ᾧ = wherefore, Ep.Rom.5.12); ἐπ' οὐδενί on no condition, on no account, Hdt.3.38; but, for no adequate reason, D. 21.132; ἐπ' ἴσῃ τε καὶ ὁμοίῃ, ἐπὶ τῇ ἴσῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ, on fair and equal terms, Hdt.9.7, Th.1.27; ἐ. ῥητοῖς, v. ῥητός; also of a woman's dowry,τὴν μητέρα ἐγγυᾶν ἐ. ταῖς ὀγδοήκοντα μναῖς D.28.16
; γῆμαίτινα ἐ. δέκα ταλάντοις And.4.13
;τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα ἐ. τῇ τυραννίδι Hdt.1.60
; on the principle of..,ἐ. τῷ μὴ λυπεῖν ἀλλήλους Th.1.71
.4. of the price for which..,ἔργον τελέσαι δώρῳ ἔ. μεγάλῳ Il.10.304
, cf. 21.445; ἐ. τίνι χρήματι; Hdt.3.38; ἐ. πόσῳ; Pl.Ap. 41a; ἐ .ταλάντῳ χρυσίου Ar.Av. 154
; ἐπ' ἀργυρίῳ λέγειν, πράττειν, D.19.182, 24.200;ἐ. χρήμασι λυμαίνεσθαι Id.19.332
;ἐ. πολλῷ ἐρρᾳθυμηκότες Id.1.15
; also of money lent at interest, δανείζεσθαι ἐ. τοῖς μεγάλοις τόκοις ibid.; ἐ. δραχμῇ δανείζειν lend at 12 per cent., Id.27.9; ἐπ' ὀκτὼ ὀβολοῖς τὴν μνᾶν τοῦ μηνὸς ἑκάστου δανείζειν, i.e. at 16 per cent., Id.53.13;ἐ. διακοσίαις εἴκοσι πέντε τὰς χιλίας
for per mille, i.e. 22.5 per cent., Syngr. ap. eund.35.10; also of the security on which money is borrowed,δανείζειν ἐ. ἀνδραπόδοις Id.27.27
; ἐπ' οἴνουκεραμίοις τρισχιλίοις Id.35.18
;ἐ. νηΐ Id.56.3
;δανείζειν ἐ. τοῖς σώμασιν Arist.Ath.9.1
, cf. 2.2, D.H.4.9.5. of names, φάος καὶ νὺξ ὀνόμασται..ἐ. τοῖσί τε καὶ τοῖς Parm.9.2
;ἐ. τῇ τοῦ οἰκείου ἔχθρᾳ στάσις κέκληται Pl.R. 470b
; soὄνομα κεῖται ἐ. τινι X.Cyr.2.2.12
; ὄνομα καλεῖνἐ. τινι Pl.Sph. 218c
, cf. 244b; πότερον ταῦτα, πέντε ὀνόματα ὄντα, ἐ.ἑνὶ πράγματί ἐστι Id.Prt. 349b
(v. supr. A. 111.2).6. of persons in authority, ὅς μ' ἐ. βουσὶν εἷσεν who set me over the kine, Od.20.209, cf. 221;ποιμαίνειν ἐπ' ὄεσσι Il.6.25
;οὖρον κατέλειπον ἐ. κτεάτεσσιν Od.15.89
;σημαίνειν ἐ. δμῳῇσι 22.427
; πέμπειν ἐ. τοσούτῳστρατεύματι Th.6.29
;ἐ. ταῖς ναυσίν X.HG1.5.11
;οἱ ἐ. ταῖς μηχαναῖς Id.Cyr.6.3.28
; οἱ ἐ. ταῖς καμήλοις ib.33;οἱ ἐ. τοῖς πράγμασιν ὄντες D. 9.2
;ἐ. θυγατρὶ.. γαμεῖν ἄλλην γυναῖκα Hdt.4.154
.7. in possession of, possessing,ἐ. τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ μένειν Th.4.105
, cf. 8.86; ζῆν ἐ. παιδίοις, τελευτᾶν ἐ. παιδὶ γνησίῳ, Alciphr.1.3, Philostr.VS2.12.2;ἐ. παισὶ διαδόχοις Hdn.4.2.1
;ἀποθανεῖν ἐ. κληρονόμοις ταῖς θυγατράσι Artem.1.78
, cf. PMeyer6.22 (ii A.D.);ἐ. μόνῳ παιδὶ σαλεύειν Hld. 1.9
.C. WITH Acc.:I. of Place, upon or on to a height, with Verbs of Motion,ἐ. πύργον ἔβη Il.6.386
, cf. 12.375; ἐ. τὰ ὑψηλότατα τῶνὀρέων ἀναβαίνειν Hdt.1.131
;προελθεῖν ἐ. βῆμα Th.2.34
; ἀναβιβαστέον τινά, ἀναβαίνειν ἐ. τὸν ἵππον, Pl.R. 467e, X.An.3.4.35; also ἐξ ἵππωνἀποβάντες ἐ. χθόνα Il.3.265
; ἐξεκυλίσθη πρηνὴς ἐ. στόμα upon his face, 6.43;ἐ. θρόνον.. ἕζετο 8.442
; ὤμω.. ἐ. στῆθος συνοχωκότε drawn together upon his breast, 2.218;Ὀδυσσῆ' εἷσαν ἐ. σκέπας Od.6.212
;θέσθαι ἐ. τὰ γόνατα X.An.7.3.23
;ἐπ' ἀμφότερα τὰ ὦτα καθεύδειν Aeschin.Socr.54
; ἐ. κεφαλήν head- foremost, Pl.R. 553b, Luc.Pisc.48 (v. κεφαλή): less freq. than ἐπί with gen. or dat.b. Geom., αἱ ἐ. τὰς ἁφὰς ἐπιζευγνύμεναι εὐθεῖαι joining the points of contact, Archim. Sph.Cyl.1.8; κάθετος ἐ. perpendicular to (v. κάθετος).2. to,ἦλθε θοὰς ἐ. νῆας Il.1.12
, etc.; ἐ. βωμὸν ἄγων ib. 440; ἴθυσαν δ' ἐ.τεῖχος 12.443
;ἐ. τέρμ' ἀφίκετο S.Aj.48
;ἡ [ὁδὸς] ἐ. Σοῦσα φέρει X. An.3.5.15
;ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν Πυλῶν ἐ. τὸ Ποσειδώνιον Th.4.118
; ἐ.τὸ αὐτὸ αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον Id.1.79
: c.acc. pers.,βῆ δ' ἄρ' ἐπ' Ἀτρεΐδην Il.2.18
, cf. 10.18,85, 150, etc.: sts. in pregn. constr. with Verbs of Rest,ἐπιστῆναι ἐ. τὰς θύρας Pl.Smp. 212d
;παρεῖναι ἐ. τὸν τάφον Th.2.34
, cf. X.Cyr.3.3.12.b. metaph., ἐ. ἔργα τρέπεσθαι, ἰέναι, Il.3.422, Od.2.127;ἰέναι ἐ. τὸν ἔπαινον Th.2.36
;ἐ. συμφορὴν ἐμπεσεῖν Hdt.7.88
codd.; also ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν ἀποδιδόναι, ὀφείλειν, pay, owe to the bank, D.33.12, Docum. ap. eund.45.31; ἡ ἐγγύη ἡ ἐ. τὴντράπεζαν D.33.10
; τὸ ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν χρέως ib.24; also εἰσποιηθῆναι ἐ. τὸ ὄνομά τινος to be entered under his name, Id.44.36.c. up to, as far as ( μέχρι ἐ. X.An.5.1.[1]),παρατείνειν ἐπ' Ἡρακλέας στήλας Hdt.4.181
;ἐ. θάλασσαν καθήκειν Th.2.27
,97: metaph., ἐ. πείρατ' ἀέθλωνἤλθομεν Od.23.248
; ἐ. διηκόσια ἀποδιδόναι yield 200- fold, Hdt. 1.193; in measurements,πλέον ἢ ἐ. δύο στάδια X.Cyr.7.5.8
, An.6.2.2; ὅσον ἐ. εἴκοσι σταδίους ib.6.4.5, cf. 1.7.15: freq. with a neut. Adj. or Pron.,τόσσον τίς τ' ἐπιλεύσσει ὅσον τ' ἐ. λᾶαν ἵησιν Il.3.12
; ὅσσονἔφ' 2.616
, cf. 15.358; ἐ. τοσοῦτό γε φρονέω,.. ταύτην μηδὲν σίνεσθαι I am prudent enough, not to.., Hdt.6.97;ἐ. ὅσον δεῖ Th.7.66
; ἐ.πάντ' ἀφίξομαι S.OT 265
;ἐ. πᾶν ἐλθεῖν X.An.3.1.18
; ἐ. τὸ ἔσχατονἀγῶνος ἐλθεῖν Th.4.92
; ἐ. μεῖζον χωρεῖν, ἔρχεσθαι, ib. 117, S.Ph. 259;ἐ. μέγα χωρεῖν δυνάμεως Th.1.118
; ἐ. μακρότερον, ἐ. μακρότατον, Id.4.41, 1.1, Hdt.4.16, 192; ἐ. σμικρόν, ἐ. βραχύ, a little way, a little, S. El. 414, Th.1.118; ἐπ' ἔλαττον, ἐπ' ἐλάχιστον, Pl.Phd. 93b, Th.1.70; ἐπ' ὀλίγον, ἐ. πολλά, Pl.Sph. 254b; ἐ. πλέον still more, Hdt.2.171, 5.51, Th.2.51; rarely with Advs.,ἐ. μᾶλλον Hdt.1.94
, 4.181.d. before, into the presence of (cf. A. 1.2e),ἦγον δή μιν ἐ. τὰ κοινά Id.3.156
(but στὰς ἐ. τὸ συνέδριον standing at the door of the council, Id.8.79);ἐ. ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε Ev.Matt.10.18
.e. in Military phrases (cf. A. 1.2d), ἐπ' ἀσπίδας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν ἐτάξαντο, i.e. twenty-five in file, Th.4.93; dub. in X., as ἐ. πολλοὺς τεταγμένοι many in file, An.4.8.11 codd.;ἐπ' ὀλίγον τὸ βάθος γίγνεσθαι Cyr.7.5.2
codd.; for ἐ. κέρας v. infr.3.3. of the quarter or direction towards or in which a thing takes place, ἐ. δεξιά, ἐπ' ἀριστερά, to the right or left, Il.7.238, 12.240, Od.3.171, Hdt.6.33, etc.; ἐ. τὰ ἕτερα or ἐ. θάτερα, Id.5.74, Th.1.87, etc.; ἐ. τὰ μακρότερα , βραχύτερα, on the longer, shorter side, Hdt.1.50; ἐπ' ἀμφότερα νοέων both ways, Id.8.22;ἐπ' ἀμφότερα μαχᾶν τάμνειν τέλος Pi.O.13.57
, etc.; ἐ. τάδε Φασήλιδος on this side, Isoc.7.80; ἐ. ἐκεῖνα, v. ἐπέκεινα; ἐφ' ἕν, ἐ. δύο, ἐ. τρία, of space, in one, two, three dimensions, Arist.de An. 404b23, Plot.6.3.13; in Military phrases, ἐ. δόρυ ἀναστρέψαι ,ἐ. ἀσπίδα μεταβαλέσθαι, to the spear or shield side, i.e. to right or left, X.An.4.3.29, Cyr.7.5.6; ἐ. πόδα ἀναχωρεῖν, etc., retire on the foot, i.e. facing the enemy, Id.An.5.2.32; so ἐ. κέρας or ἐ. κέρως πλεῖν, etc., sail towards or on the wing, i.e. in column (v. ): metaph., ἐ. τὸ μεῖζον κοσμῆσαι, δεινῶσαι, etc., with exaggeration, Th.1.10, 8.74, etc.;ἐ. τὸ πλέον ἀγγέλλεσθαι Id.6.34
; ἐ. τὸ φοβερώτερον ib.83; ἐ. τὰ γελοιότερα ἐπαινέσαι so as to provoke laughter, Pl. Smp. 214e; ἐ. τὰ καλλίω, ἐ. τὰ αἰσχίονα, Id.Plt. 293e; ἐ. τὸ βέλτιον καὶ κάλλιον, ἐ. τὸ χεῖρον καὶ τὸ αἴσχιον, Id.R. 381b; ἐ. τὸ ἄμεινον Orac. ap. D.43.66.4. in hostile sense, against,ἰέναι ἐ. νέας Il. 13.101
;ὦρτο δ' ἐπ' αὐτούς 5.590
; στρατεύεσθαι or -εύειν ἐ. τινα, Hdt. 1.71,77, Th.1.26, etc.;ἰέναι ἐ. φάτιν S.OT 495
(lyr.); πλεῖν ἐ. τοὺσἈθηναίους Th.2.90
;πέμπειν στρατηγὸν ἐ. τινας Hdt.1.153
; θύεσθαι ἐ. τινα offer sacrifice on going against.., X.An.7.8.21; ἐφ' ὑμᾶς to your prejudice, D.6.33, 10.57.5. of extension over a space, πουλὺν ἐφ' ὑγρὴν ἤλυθον over much water, Il.10.27: ἐπ' εὐρέα νῶταθαλάσσης 2.159
;ἐ. κύματα 13.27
; ; πλέων, λεύσσων ἐ. οἴνοπα πόντον, 7.88, 5.771;ἐ. πολλὰ δ' ἀλήθην Od. 14.120
;ἄγοισι.. Ἀνδρομάχαν.. ἐπ' ἄλμυρον πόντον Sapph.Supp. 20a
. 7: also with Verbs of Rest, ἐπ' ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα over nine acres he lay stretched, Od.11.577; τόσσον ἔπ' over so much, 5.251, cf. 13.114; διώκοντες ἐ. πολύ over a large space, Th.1.50, cf. 62, etc.; ἐ. πλεῖστον ib.4;ὡς ἐ. πλεῖστον 2.34
, etc.; freq. to be rendered on,δράκων ἐ. νῶτα δαφοινός Il.2.308
; ἵππους.. ἐ. νῶτον ἐΐσας ib. 765;ὅσσα τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει 17.447
; ἐ. γαῖαν εἰσὶ δύω [γένη] Hes.Op.11;ἀοιδοὶ ἔασιν ἐ. χθόνα Th.95
;ἐ. γᾶν μέλαιναν ἔμμεναι κάλλιστον Sapph. Supp.5.2
; also, among,κλέος πάντας ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους Il.10.213
, cf. 24.202, 535;δασσάμενοι [κτήματ'] ἐφ' ἡμέας Od.16.385
, cf. Pl.Prt. 322d.II. of Time, for or during a certain time,ἐ. χρόνον Il.2.299
, Od.14.193:πολλὸν ἐ. χρόνον 12.407
;παυρίδιον.. ἐ. χρόνον Hes. Op. 133
;ἐ. δηρόν Il.9.415
;ἐ. πολὺν χρόνον Pl.Phd. 84c
, etc.; ἐπ'ὀλίγον χρόνον Lycurg.7
; ἐ. χρόνον τινά, ἐ. τινα χρόνον, Pl.Prt. 344b, Grg. 524d;γῆν ἀπεμίσθωσαν ἐ. δέκα ἔτη Th.3.68
; ἐ. διετές Lexap.D. 46.20;ἐ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας X.An.6.6.36
; τὸ ἐφ' ἡμέραν ἀρκέσον enough for the day, Id.Cyr.6.2.34, cf. D.50.23, Hdt.1.32; ἐ. πολύ for a long time, Th.1.6, etc.2. up to, until a certain time, εὗδον παννύχιοςκαὶ ἐπ' ἠῶ καὶ μέσον ἦμαρ Od.7.288
;οὐδ' ἐ. γῆρας ἵκετ' 8.226
.III. in various causal senses:1. of the object or purpose for which one goes, ἀγγελίην ἔπι Τυδῆ στεῖλαν sent him for (i.e. to bring) tidings of.., Il.4.384 (dub.); ἐ. βοῦν ἴτω let him go for an ox, Od.3.421;ἐ. τεύχεα δ' ἐσσεύοντο Il.2.808
;ἐλθεῖν πρός τινα ἐπ' ἀργύριον X.Cyr.1.6.12
; πέμπειν εἴς τινα ἐ. στράτευμα ib.4.5.31; ἴτω τις ἐφ' ὕδωρ ib.5.3.49; ἥκειν ἐ. τοὺς τόκους for (i.e. to demand) the interest, D.50.61: less freq. c. acc. pers.,ἐπ' Ὀδυσσῆα ἤϊε Od.5.149
, cf. S.OT 555;κατῆλθον ἐ. ποιητήν Ar.Ra. 1418
;κατέρχονται ἐ. τὸν Ἀγόρατον Lys. 13.23
: with acc. of a Noun of Action, ἐξιέναι ἐ. θήραν go out hunting, X.Cyr.1.2.9; ἔπλεον οὐχ ὡς ἐ. ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for -μαχίᾳ) Th.2.83;ἐ. μάχην ἰέναι X.An.1.4.12
; ἔρχεσθαι, ἵζειν ἐ. δεῖπνον, Il.2.381, Od.24.394;ἐ. δόρπον ἀνέστη 12.439
;κληθεὶς ἐ. δεῖπνον Pl.Smp. 174e
, etc.;καλεῖν ἐ. ξείνια Hdt.2.107
,5.18; ἐ. τὴν θεωρίαν to see the sight, Ev.Luc.23.48, cf. PTeb.33.6 (ii B.C.): freq. with neut. Pron. or Adj., ἐ. τοῦτο ἐλθεῖν for this purpose, X.An.2.5.22, cf. Th.5.87; ἐπ' αὐτὸ , etc.; ἐ. τί; to what end? Ar.Nu. 256;ἐφ' ὅ τι Id.Lys.22
, 481; ἐφ' ἃ ἤλθομεν for which purpose, Th.7.15, etc.; ἐπὶ ἴσα for like ends, Pi.N.7.5 (but ἐ. ἶσα μάχη τέτατο, = ἴσως, Il.12.436); ἐ. τὸ βέλτιον to a better result, X.An.7.8.4; ἀναστῆσαί τινα ἐ. χριστὸν Θεοῦ set up as God's anointed, LXX 2 Ki.23.1: after an Adj., ἄριστοι πᾶσανἐπ' ἰθύν Il.6.79
, cf. Od.4.434;ἄπορος ἐ. φρόνιμα S.OT 691
(lyr.); χρήσιμοςἐ... οὐδέν D.25.31
: after a Noun,ὁδὸς ἐ. τι X.Cyr.1.6.21
; ὄργανα ἐ. τι ib.6.2.34.2. so far as regards,τοὐπὶ τήνδε τὴν κόρην S.Ant. 889
;ὅσον γε τοὐπ' ἐμέ E.Or. 1345
; τοὐπί σε, τὸ ἐ. σέ, Id.Hec. 514, X.Cyr.1.4.12;τὸ ἐ. σφᾶς εἶναι Th.4.28
; ὡς ἐ. τὸ πολύ for the most part, Arist.Top. 100b29, etc.;ἐ. πᾶν Th.2.51
; τὸ πρὸς ἅπανξυνετὸν ἐ. πᾶν ἀργόν Id.3.82
;κρείσσων ἐπ' ἀρετήν Democr.181
; ἐ.μέγα Call.Dian.55
.3. of persons set over others, ἐ. τοὺς πεζοὺςκαθιστάναι ἄρχοντα X.Cyr.4.5.58
, cf. HG3.4.20; στρατηγὸς ἐ. τοὺς ὁπλίτας, ἐ. τὴν χώραν, Arist.Ath.61.1, IG22.682.24;ἐ. τὸν Πειραιέα Arist.Ath.
l.c.;ἐ. Ῥαμνοῦντα IG2.1206b
(cf. A. 111.1); οἱ θεσμοθέταιοἱ ἐ. τοὺς νόμους κληρούμενοι D.20.90
.4. according to, by, ἐ. στάθμην by the rule, Od.5.245, 21.44, etc.D. POSITION:— ἐπί may suffer anastrophe ([etym.] ἔπι) and follow its case, as in Il.1.162; it may like wise follow its Verb,ἤλυθ' ἔπι ψυχή Od.24.20
, cf. Il.9.539.II. in Poets it is sts. put with the second of two Nouns, though in sense it also governs the first, ἢ ἁλὸς ἢ ἐ.γῆς Od.12.27
, cf. S.OT 761, Ant. 367 (lyr.).E. ABS., used adverbially, without anastrophe, καὶ ἐ. σκέπαςἦν ἀνέμοιο Od.5.443
; κτεῖνον δ' ἐ. μηλοβοτῆρας as well, Il.18.529; esp. ἐ. δέ.. and besides.., Hdt.7.65,75, etc.;πολιαί τ' ἐ. ματέρες S. OT 182
(lyr.).II. ἔπι, for ἔπεστι, there is, Il.1.515, 3.45, Od.16.315; οὐ γὰρ ἔπ' ἀνήρ.. there is no man.., 2.58; σοὶ δ' ἔ. μὲν μορφὴἐπέων 11.367
;ἔ. δέ μοι γέρας A.Eu. 393
codd. (lyr.).F. PROSODY: in ἐπιόψομαι, ι is not elided before a vowel; also in some words where σ or ϝ has been lost, as ἐπιάλμενος, ἐπιείκελος, ἐπιεικής, ἐπιέξομαι (v. ). [dialect] Dor. ἐπιεργάζομαι (v. ἐπιεργάζομαι).G. IN COMPOSITION:I. of Place, denoting,2. Motion,b. to or towards, ἐπέρχομαι, ἐπιστέλλω, ἐπαρίστερος, ἐπιδέξιος.c. against,ἐπαΐσσω, ἐπιπλέω 11
, ἐπιστρατεύω, ἐπιβουλεύω.e. over a place, as in ἐπαιωρέομαι, ἐπαρτάω.f. over or beyond boundaries, as in ἐπινέμομαι.g. implying reciprocity, as in ἐπιγαμία.3. Extension over a surface, as in ἐπαλείφω, ἐπανθίζω,ἐπιπέτομαι, ἐπιπλέω 1
, ἐπάργυρος, ἐπίχρυσος.4. Accumulation of one thing over or besides another, as in ἐπαγείρω, ἐπιμανθάνω, ἐπαυξάνω, ἐπιβάλλω, ἐπίκτητος.5. Accompaniment, to, with, as in ἐπᾴδω, ἐπαυλέω, ἐπαγρυπνέω: hence of Addition, ἐπίτριτος one and 1/3 more, 1 +1/3; so ἐπιτέταρτος, ἐπίπεμπτος, ἐπόγδοος, etc.6. with Adjs., somewhat, slightly, as in ἐπίξανθος, ἐπίπικρος.II. of Time and Sequence, after, as in ἐπιβιόω, ἐπιβλαστάνω, ἐπιγίγνομαι,ἐπακόλουθος, ἐπίγονος, ἐπιστάτης 1.2
.III. in causal senses:1. Superiority felt over or at, as in ἐπιχαίρω, ἐπιγελάω, ἐπαισχύνομαι.2. Authority over, as in ἐπικρατέω, ἔπαρχος, ἐπιβουκόλος, ἐπιποιμήν.3. Motive for, as in ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιζήμιος, ἐπιθάνατος.4. to give force or intensity to the Verb, as in ἐπαινέω, ἐπιμέμφομαι, ἐπικείρω, ἐπικλάω. -
10 get
-
11 dōdrāns
dōdrāns antis, m [de + quadrans], a quarter off, three fourths, nine twelfths: aedifici reliquus: heres ex dodrante, to three fourths of the estate, N.—Of land, three fourths (of a iugerum), L.* * * -
12 el
art.the (in general).el coche the carla casa the houselos niños the childrenel agua/hacha/águila the water/ax/eaglefui a recoger a los niños I went to pick up the children* * *el1 the■ la Sra. Rodríguez Mrs. Rodríguez2 el de the one4 (cosa) the one, the one that, the one which* * *1. pron.- el que2. art.* * *el; la; los; lasART DEF1) [con nombres de referente único o concreto] the¿está fría el agua? — is the water cold?
¿ha llegado ya el abogado? — has the lawyer arrived yet?
el tío ese — * that chap
2) [en algunos casos no se traduce]a) [con nombres propios]¿qué manda la señora? — what would madam like?
ha llamado el Sr. Sendra — Mr. Sendra called
dáselo a la Luisa — * give it to Luisa
b) [con nombres en sentido genérico]c) [con infinitivo]el hacerlo fue un error — doing it was a mistake, it was a mistake to do it
d) [con cifras, proporciones]ahora gano el 3% más — I now earn 3% more
3) [traducido por el posesivo]4) [con expresiones temporales]5) (=uso distributivo)6) [en exclamaciones]¡el frío que hacía! — it was freezing!
7) [posesivo]•
el de, mi libro y el de usted — my book and yoursel del sombrero rojo — the one with o in the red hat
es un traje bonito, pero prefiero el de Ana — it's a nice suit, but I prefer Ana's
y el de todos los demás — and that of everybody else, and everybody else's
8)•
el que —a) + indicél es el que quiere — it's he who wants to, he's the one who wants to
los que hacen eso son tontos — anyone who does that is a fool, those who do so are foolish
b) + subjun whoeverel que quiera, que lo haga — whoever wants to can do it
* * *[the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]1)a) ( con un referente único) the¿ya vas a la escuela? — do you go to school yet?
el mío/las tuyas — mine/yours
el rojo/último — the red/last one
los nacidos entre... — those born between...
2)a)el + de...: la del sombrero the one with the hat; el de Valencia the one from Valencia; el de las nueve the nine o'clock one; el de Juan/de mi hijo — Juan's/my son's
b)el + que...: el que acaba de entrar the one who's just come in; las que yo ví the ones I saw; los que estén cansados; those who are tired, anyone who's tired; la que te guste whichever you like; el que lo haya hecho — whoever has done it
3) ( en expresiones de tiempo)el mes pasado/que viene — last/next month
4) ( cada)$80 el metro/kilo — $80 a meter/a kilo
5) (con fracciones, porcentajes, números)la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero — half the money/a quarter of the money
el 20% de... — 20% of...
el cuarto piso — the fifth floor (AmE) o (BrE) fourth floor
6) (refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc)7) ( con nombres propios)a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc)el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal — Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal
b) ( en plural)en (el) Perú — in Peru; ver África, Argentina, etc
d) ( al calificar)8) el ( con infinitivo)* * *[the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]1)a) ( con un referente único) the¿ya vas a la escuela? — do you go to school yet?
el mío/las tuyas — mine/yours
el rojo/último — the red/last one
los nacidos entre... — those born between...
2)a)el + de...: la del sombrero the one with the hat; el de Valencia the one from Valencia; el de las nueve the nine o'clock one; el de Juan/de mi hijo — Juan's/my son's
b)el + que...: el que acaba de entrar the one who's just come in; las que yo ví the ones I saw; los que estén cansados; those who are tired, anyone who's tired; la que te guste whichever you like; el que lo haya hecho — whoever has done it
3) ( en expresiones de tiempo)el mes pasado/que viene — last/next month
4) ( cada)$80 el metro/kilo — $80 a meter/a kilo
5) (con fracciones, porcentajes, números)la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero — half the money/a quarter of the money
el 20% de... — 20% of...
el cuarto piso — the fifth floor (AmE) o (BrE) fourth floor
6) (refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc)7) ( con nombres propios)a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc)el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal — Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal
b) ( en plural)en (el) Perú — in Peru; ver África, Argentina, etc
d) ( al calificar)8) el ( con infinitivo)* * *el2= the, ye.Nota: Forma arcaica.Ex: The first institute, 'The Catalog: Its Nature and Prospects,' was held in New York City on October 9 and 10, 1975.
Ex: The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.* a lo extremo = to the extreme.* aunque no lo creas = believe it or not.* barrio de los ricos = upper town.* de los mejores = as good as any.* el abuelo de = the granddaddy of.* el acabose = the last straw.* el alcance = comprehensiveness.* el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.* el año próximo = the year ahead.* el arte de = the art of, the fine art of.* el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.* el auténtico = the real McCoy.* el beneficio de la duda = the benefit of the doubt.* el bien de = the good of.* el buenazo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el bueno de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.* el camino correcto = the way ahead, the way to go.* el camino hacia + Nombre + está lleno de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.* el camino hacia + Nombre + está plagado de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.* el camino por recorrer = the way ahead.* el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* el camino recorrido = the road travelled so far.* el camino se hace andando = actions speak louder than words.* el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.* el charco = the big pond.* el ciudadano de a pie = the average Joe.* el ciudadano medio = the average Joe.* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.* el colmo = the last straw.* el consejo de otra persona = a second opinion.* el copón = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* el corazón de = the heart of.* el crecimiento de = the rising tide of.* el cual = which.* el de = that in, that of.* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el día del Juicio Final = the Day of Judgement.* El Diluvio = the Flood.* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero mueve al mundo = money makes the world go (a)round.* el dinero no crece en los árboles = money doesn't grow on trees.* el doble = twice + as many.* el doble de = twice + the number of.* El Dorado = El Dorado.* el enemigo en casa = the enemy within.* el entonces + Nombre = the then + Nombre.* el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.* el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].* el evitar = avoidance.* el éxito genera éxito = success breeds success (SBS).* el éxito llama al éxito = success breeds success (SBS).* el final de = the close of.* el final de los problemas = the light at the end of the tunnel.* el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.* el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.* el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.* el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.* el fruto de + Nombre = the fruit of + Nombre.* el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.* el Gato con Botas = Puss in Boots.* el grado de = the extent of.* el grado de + Nombre = the breadth and depth of + Nombre.* el grado en que = the extent to which.* el gran hermano = big brother.* el guapo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el hecho es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* el hecho es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* el hombre de la calle = the average Joe.* el hombre no es una isla = no man is an island.* el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.* el impulsor de = the power behind.* el interés público = the public interest.* El Juicio Final = The Last Judgement.* el lastre de = the shackles of.* el llevar = carrying.* el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.* El Mago de Oz = The Wizard of Oz, The Wizard of Oz.* el más = all-time.* el más + Adjetivo = the most + Adjetivo.* el más allá = hereafter.* el más bajo = rock-bottom.* el más favorito del mes = pick of the month.* el más leído = the most widely read.* el más recomendado = best of breed, the.* el Mediterráneo = Mediterranean Sea, the, the Med.* el mejor = best of breed, the.* el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.* el mejor modo de = the best way of.* el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.* el mejor + Nombre = the best available + Nombre.* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.* el mentir = lying.* el mes pasado = last month.* el mío = mine.* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).* el mismo número = as many.* el modo como = the way in which.* el modo de = the way in which.* el modo de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* el momento preciso = the point in time at which.* el motor de = the power behind.* el movimiento se demuestra andando = actions speak louder than words.* el muerto al hoyo y el vivo al bollo = dead men have no friends.* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.* el mundo en la palma de la mano = the world in the palm of + Posesivo + hand.* el mundo está a sus pies = the world is + Posesivo + oyster.* el mundo es un pañuelo = it's a small world.* el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.* el + Nombre + es inestimable = the + Nombre + cannot be overestimated.* el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.* el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el nuevo aspecto de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* el orgullo de = showpiece.* el otro lado de la barrera = the other side of the fence.* el padre de = the father of.* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.* el paso del tiempo = the passage of time, the sands of time.* el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.* el perro es el mejor amigo del hombre = a dog is man's best friend.* el peso de = brunt of, the.* el populacho = the great unwashed.* el porqué de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* el portavoz de = the voice of.* el presente = thisness.* el primer intento = the first time around.* el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.* el primero mencionado = former.* el principal = the number one.* el principio de = the dawn of.* el principio del fin = the beginning of the end.* el principio de + Mes/Estación = early + Mes/Estación.* el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el problema obvio = the elephant in the room.* el proletariado = the great unwashed.* el pulmón de = the heart of.* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.* el que = that, the one.* el que aprende = learner.* el que las hace, las paga = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* el que no llora, no mama = the squeaky (squeaking) wheel gets the grease (the oil/oiled).* el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* el que pregunta = inquirer [enquirer, -UK].* el quid de la cuestión = the crux of the problem, the crux of the matter.* el registro de los registros = record-of-record.* el registro modelo = record-of-record.* el resto = rest, the.* el resto (de) = the remainder (of), the rest (of).* El Salvador = El Salvador.* el segundo mencionado = latter.* el sendero que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* el ser barato = cheapness.* el siguiente no, el otro = next but one.* el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.* el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.* el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.* el sueño de todo ser viviente = the stuff dreams are made of.* el súmmum = the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el tamaño de = the extent of.* el tema de la discusión = the focus of the discussion.* el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.* el tiempo de Algo = in season.* el tiempo es oro = time is money.* el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.* el tiempo vuela = time flies (by).* el tipo de = the range of.* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.* el total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.* el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.* el transcurso del tiempo = as time goes by.* el último citado = latter.* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el último + Nombre = the latest + Nombre.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* el único = the one and only.* el único e incomparable = the one and only.* el único e inimitable = the one and only.* el único problema = a fly in the soup, the fly in the ointment.* el verdadero = the real McCoy.* el verdadero problema = the elephant in the room.* el ver televisión = television viewing.* el viejo = the elder.* el vulgo = the great unwashed.* el yugo de = the shackles of.* espicharlas = kick + the bucket.* la = the, ye.* la alternativa + ser = the alternative + be.* la belleza es superficial = beauty is only skin deep.* La Biblioteca Responde = Ask the Library.* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.* la buena noticia = the good news.* la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.* la calma que precede a la tormenta = the lull before the storm.* la cambiante fisonomía de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* la caridad empieza por uno mismo = charity begins at home.* la ciudadana de a pie = the average Jane.* la ciudadana media = the average Jane.* la ciudad que nunca duerme = the city that never sleeps.* la clave de = at the heart of.* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* la comunidad en general = the community at large.* la Convención de la Haya de 1954 = the 1954 Hague Convention.* la copa del árbol = the top of the tree.* la cosa es que = the thing is.* la cosa principal = the number one thing.* la crème de la crème = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* la cruz de = the bane of.* la cuestión es que = the thing is.* la década de los + Número = the + Número + s.* la demanda de = a call for.* la diversidad de = the range of.* la diversidad de + Nombre = the many + Nombre.* la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.* la época de Algo = in season.* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.* la espalda de = the back of.* la evidencia = the writing on the wall.* la fe mueve montañas = faith will move mountains.* la filosofía de = the reason behind, the reasoning behind.* la flor de + Nombre = the prime of + Nombre.* la flor y nata = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.* la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.* la gente decía que = rumour had it that.* la gente dice que = rumour has it that.* la gente se está inquietando = the natives are nervous.* la gente se está poniendo nerviosa = the natives are nervous.* la gente se puso de pie para aplaudir = standing ovation.* la gota que colmó el vaso = the straw that broke the camel's back.* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.* la historia + repetirse = history + come full circle.* la historia + volverse a repetir = history + come full circle.* la hostia = the cat's pyjamas, the cat's pyjamas, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la hoz y el martillo = the hammer and sickle.* la idea que hay detrás de = the idea behind.* la imaginación no tiene límites = your imagination is the limit.* la imitación es la mejor forma de que lo halaguen a uno = imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.* La Isla del Tesoro = Treasure Island.* la joya de = showpiece.* la judicatura = the Bench.* la justicia = the Bench.* la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.* la leche = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la luz al final del túnel = the light at the end of the tunnel.* la magistratura = the Bench.* la manera de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* la mano que mece la cuna es la mano que domina el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* la mano que mece la cuna gobierna el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* la mar de = a whole slew of.* la mayoría con mucho de = the vast majority of.* la mayoría de = the majority of, most + Nombre, the main bulk of.* la mayoría de la gente = most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría de las personas = most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.* la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.* la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.* la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.* la medida en que = the extent to which.* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* la mejor manera = how best.* la mejor manera de = the best way of.* la mejor oferta = the best deal.* la mejor opción = the best bet.* la mejor salida = the best way forward.* la mejor solución = the best way forward.* la menor duda de que = no doubt whatsoever.* la mentira = lying.* la mirada en = eye(s) on.* la misma persona = one and the same person.* la mitad (1/2) = one-half (1/2).* la necesidad agudiza el ingenio = necessity mothers invention.* la ocasión la pintan calva = make + hay while the sun shines.* la opinión de otra persona = a second opinion.* la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.* la parte de atrás de = the back of.* la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.* la parte más importante = the heart of.* la parte principal de = the bulk of.* la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.* la parte trasera de = the back of.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* la pesadilla de = the bane of.* la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.* la petición de = a call for.* la píldora = the pill.* la plebe = the great unwashed.* la polla = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.* la primera tentativa = the first time around.* la primera vez = the first time around.* la proporción mayor de = the lion's share of.* la próxima moda = the next hot thing.* la puntilla = the final/last nail in + Posesivo + coffin.* la que = that, the one.* la razón de ser = the reason for being.* la realidad es que = the fact remains that..., fact is, the fact is (that).* la rehostia = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la responsabilidad ahora recae en + Nombre = the ball is in + Posesivo + court.* la responsabilidad es de... = the buck + stops....* la riqueza de = the wealth of.* la ruina de = the bane of.* las = the, ye.* las 24 horas = round the clock, around the clock.* las apariencias engañan = don't judge a book by its cover, there's more to it than meets the eye.* las ataduras de = the shackles of.* las autoridades = the powers-that-be.* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.* las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no pasan (así) porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* las cosas + seguir + igual = business + revolve + as usual.* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.* las cosas son más complicadas de lo que parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* las cosas tal y como son = the birds and the bees.* las cosas + volver + a su punto de partida = the wheel + turn + full circle.* las de = those for.* las doce del mediodía = noon.* la segunda mitad de + Fecha = the latter part of + Fecha.* la segunda opción = the next best choice.* la segunda vez = the second time around.* la semana pasada = last week.* la senda que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* la situación = the course of events.* la sociedad en general = society at large.* las posibilidades son infinitas = the possibilities are endless.* las profundidades del mar = the deep.* las profundidades del océano = the deep.* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.* las raíces se encuentran = roots + lie.* las raíces se remontan a = roots + lie.* las razones de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* las Reglas de Cutter para un Catálogo Diccionario = Cutter's Rules for a Dictionary Catalog.* las triquiñuelas de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.* la suerte estaba echada = the die was cast, the die had been cast.* la suerte está echada = the die is cast.* la suma total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.* las uvas están verdes = sour grapes.* las veinticuatro horas = day and night, day or night, night and day.* la temporada de Algo = in season.* la tierra de la abundancia = the land of plenty.* la tierra de las oportunidades = the land of opportunity.* la tira de = a whole slew of.* la tira de tiempo = donkey's years.* la triste realidad es que = the sad fact is (that).* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la última vez = last time.* la última vez que = the last time.* la única pega = the fly in the ointment, a fly in the soup.* la unión hace la fuerza = strength in numbers.* la ventaja de = the beauty of.* la ventaja es que = on the positive side, the advantage is that, on the bright side.* la verdad = the lowdown (on).* la verdad es que = if the truth be known, if the truth be told, the fact is (that), fact is.* la verdad es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.* la verdad sea dicha que = if the truth be told.* la Vía Láctea = the Milky Way.* la vida continúa = the show must go on.* la vida + continuar = life + go on.* la vida es así = life's like that.* ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.* la vida + seguir = life + go on.* la víspera de = on the eve of.* la voz de = the voice of.* la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.* la voz de la experiencia = the voice of experience.* la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.* la voz del odio = the voice of hate.* la voz interior = the voice within.* lo absurdo = ridiculousness.* lo adecuado = adequacy.* lo + Adjetivo + que sea/esté = how + Adjetivo.* lo anodino = blandness.* lo anteriormente expuesto = the preceding.* lo apropiado = appropriateness.* lo barato = inexpensiveness.* lo básico = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).* lo bastante elevado = high enough.* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.* lo bueno de = the beauty of.* lo bueno es que = the good news is (that)..., on the positive side, on the bright side.* lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.* lo bueno y lo malo = the rights and wrongs.* lo caro = expensiveness.* lo chicano = Chicana.* lo chulo = coolness.* lo cierto es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* lo completo = completeness.* lo completo que Algo está = fullness.* lo creas o no = believe it or not.* lo decisivo = the last word.* lo definitivo = the last word.* lo desagradable = unpleasantness.* ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be joking!, you must be kidding!.* lo directo = directness.* lo divertido = the fun part.* lo engorroso de = cumbersomeness.* lo esencial = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).* lo estrafalario = zaniness.* lo estrambótico = zaniness.* lo extenso = comprehensiveness.* lo favorable = propitiousness.* lo hebraico = Hebraica.* lo hecho hecho está = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk.* lo importante es lo que eres no cómo te llamas = a rose by any other name.* lo imprescindible = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.* lo incómodo de = cumbersomeness.* lo indefinido = indefiniteness.* lo indirecto = indirectness.* lo indispensable = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.* lo insulso = blandness.* lo interesante = the fun part.* lo judío = Judaica.* lo lindo = cuteness.* lo llano = flatness.* lo más cercano a = the nearest thing to.* lo más conveniente es que = optimally.* lo más destacado = highlights.* lo más detestado = pet hate.* lo más importante = most of all, at its core.* lo más interesante = highlights.* lo más mínimo = so much as.* lo más novedoso = the last word.* lo más odiado = pet hate.* lo más parecido a = the nearest thing to.* lo más probable es que = most probably.* lo más recio de = brunt of, the.* lo más recóndito = nooks and crannies.* lo máximo = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* lo mejor = the top of the tree.* lo mejor de = the beauty of, showpiece.* lo mejor de ambas partes = the best of both worlds.* lo mejor de lo mejor = the best of the best.* lo mejor de todo = best of all.* lo mejor entre lo mejor = the best of the best.* lo mejor es que... = the good news is (that)....* lo mejor está aún por llegar = the best is yet to come.* lo mejor posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability, at + Posesivo + (very) best, optimally.* lo mejor que pueda = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.* lo mejor que se puede hacer = the best bet.* lo mejor + ser = the beautiful part + be.* lo menos posible = as little as possible.* lo mínimo = bare minimum, bare necessities, the.* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.* lo mismo ocurre en el caso de = the same is true (for/of/with).* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).* lo molesto de = cumbersomeness.* lo mucho que = how extensively.* lo noble = high-mindedness.* lo no convencional = unconventional, the.* lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for), there + be + a tendency (to/for).* lo oportuno = timeliness.* lo pasado pasado está = let bygones be bygones.* lo peor de = brunt of, the.* lo peor del = the armpit of the.* lo pintoresco = quaintness.* lo plano = flatness.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* lo poco convencional = unconventional, the.* lo primero = for one, first off.* lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.* lo prometido es deuda = a promise is a promise.* lo propicio = propitiousness.* lo público = publicness.* lo que = that which, what.* lo que aguarda a = what is on store for.* lo que Algo o Alguien se merece, lo que le corresponde, bastante = fair share, fair share.* lo que a uno cura a otro mata = one man's meat is another man's poison.* lo que demuestra que = which (just) goes to show that.* lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.* lo que es aun más inquietante = more disturbingly.* lo que es aun más preocupante = more disturbingly.* lo que es aun mejor = better still.* lo que es aun peor = worse still.* lo que es bueno para uno es bueno para otro = what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.* lo que es bueno para uno también es bueno para otro = what's good for the goose is good for the gander.* lo que es más = what is more, what's more.* lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.* lo que es mejor aun = better still.* lo que es muy importante = importantly.* lo que es peor = what's worse.* lo que es peor aun = worse still.* lo que espera a = what is on store for.* lo que está bien y lo que está mal = rights and wrongs.* lo que existe (en el mercado) = what's out there.* lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que hay (en el mercado) = what's out there.* lo que hay que hacer = do + the right thing, the way to go.* lo que hay que hacer y lo que hay que evitar = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.* lo que le corresponde = fair share.* lo que nos espera = things to come.* lo que quiera que = whatever.* lo que sea = something or other.* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.* lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.* lo que + ser = what + be like.* lo que se suele pagar = going rate, the.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* lo que vale para tí también vale para mí = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.* lo rural = rurality.* los = the, ye.* los 365 días del año = year-round.* los 40 principales = Top 40 singles chart.* los abajo firmantes = the parties hereto.* los acontecimientos = the course of events.* lo sagrado = sacredness.* los albores de = the dawn of.* los años cincuenta = fifties.* los años treinta = thirties.* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = lose + sight of the forest for the trees.* los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.* los buenos tiempos = the good old days.* los comienzos de = the dawn of.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* los de = those for, those in.* los demás = rest, the, everybody else.* los detalles de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* los días antes de = leading up to.* los dos = both, both of them, both of which.* los efectos negativos se están dejando sentir ahora = chickens come home to roost.* los gobernantes = the powers-that-be.* los hay para dar y regalar = there's one born every minute.* los mandamás = the powers-that-be.* los más necesitados = those most in need.* los más pobres + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* los menos locuaces = inarticulate, the.* los motivos de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* los necesitados = the needy.* los orígenes de = the dawn of.* los otros con los que aparece(n) = neighbours [neighbors, -USA].* los peores + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* los poderes fáticos = the powers-that-be.* los pormenores de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* Los Principios de París = Paris Principles.* los que = those who.* los que detentan el poder = the powers-that-be.* los que mandan = the powers-that-be.* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.* los que + Verbo = those + Participio.* los tribunales = the Bench.* lo suficientemente cerca = within range.* lo suficientemente cerca como para oír = within earshot of.* lo suficientemente estúpido como para = dumb enough to.* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.* lo suficientemente lejos como para no poder oír = out of earshot.* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.* lo sumo = the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks, the cat's pyjamas.* los unos a costa de los otros = at each other's expense.* los viejos tiempos = the good old days.* lo tomas o lo dejas = take it or leave it.* lo último = the last word.* lo uno es tan malo como lo otro = one is as bad as the other.* lo vanguardista = cutting edge.* lo yidish = Yiddica.* parmarlas = kick + the bucket.* ser lo que nos espera = be the shape of things to come.* * *[ the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or, ha e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]A (con un referente único, conocido o que se define) theel sol the sunel lápiz/la goma/los lápices/las gomas que compré the pencil/the eraser/the pencils/the erasers I boughtno, ése no, el que te presté ayer/el de Julio/el rojo no, not that one, the one I lent you yesterday/Julio's/the red oneen la calle Solís in Solís Streetprefiero el mío/los tuyos I prefer mine/yoursme atendió el estúpido del marido that stupid husband of hers served meyo soy la arquitecta, ella es lexicógrafa I'm the architect, she's a lexicographeryo fui la que lo rompí or rompió I was the one who broke itlos nacidos entre … those born between …los que faltamos ayer those of us who weren't here yesterday¿cuál es Ardiles? — el del sombrero negro which one's Ardiles? — the one with the black hatun encuentro al que asistieron muchas personalidades a meeting which was attended by many well known peoplela obra de la que or de la cual hablábamos the play we were talking aboutB(con sustantivos en sentido genérico): me encanta la ópera I love operaodio el pescado I hate fishasí es la vida that's life(nosotros) los mexicanos lo sabemos muy bien we Mexicans know only too well¿ya vas a la escuela? do you go to school yet?en el mar at seaviajar por el espacio to travel in spaceC(en expresiones de tiempo): ocurrió el domingo de Pascua/en el verano del 76 it happened on Easter Sunday/in the summer of '76mi cumpleaños es el 28 de mayo my birthday's on May 28el mes pasado/que viene last/next monthno trabaja los sábados she doesn't work (on) Saturdaysestudió toda la mañana he studied all morninga las ocho at eight o'clock, at eighta eso de las seis around six o'clockD(cada): lo venden a $80 el kilo/metro they're selling it at $80 a kilo/a meter o at $80 per kilo/meter¿cuánto cuesta el paquete de diez? how much does a packet of ten cost?E(con fracciones, porcentajes, números): me dio la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero she gave me half the money/a quarter of the moneyel 20% de los peruanos 20% of Peruvians(refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc): con las manos en los bolsillos with my/your/his hands in my/your/his pockets¡te cortaste el pelo! you've had your hair cut!tienes la falda sucia your skirt is dirtytienes el suéter puesto al revés you've got your sweater on inside outtiene el pelo largo/los ojos azules he has long hair/blue eyes1(con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc): llamó el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal/el general Santos Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal/General Santos phonedel gran Caruso the Great Caruso2(con nombres de mujeres famosas): la última película de la Monroe Monroe's last movie3(en plural): los Ortega (matrimonio) the Ortegas, Mr and Mrs Ortega; (familia) the Ortegas, the Ortega familya los Josés se les suele llamar Pepe people called José are often known as Pepe4 (fam: en muchas regiones crit)(con nombres de pila): pregúntale a la Carmen/al Ricardo ask Carmen/Ricardo5(con algunos nombres geográficos): en la India in Indiaen (el) Perú in Peru6(al calificar): la España de Franco Franco's Spainel Buñuel que todos conocemos the Buñuel we all knowla Italia del siglo pasado Italy in the last century7(con algunos equipos deportivos): juegan contra el Juventus/el Barcelona they're playing against Juventus/BarcelonaH el(con infinitivo): odiaba el tener que pedírselo he hated having to ask heres cuidadoso y pausado en el hablar he's careful and deliberate in the way he speaksel frenético girar de los bailarines the frenzied spinning of the dancers* * *
Multiple Entries:
el
él
el (pl◊ los), la (pl las) art the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina
1
así es la vida that's life;
(nosotros) los mexicanos we Mexicans;
¿ya vas a la escuela? do you go to school yet?
las tuyas yours;
el último the last one;
el estúpido del marido that stupid husband of hers
2a) el + de:
el de las nueve the nine o'clock one;
el de mi hijo my son'sb) el + que:
los que estén cansados;
those who are tired, anyone who's tired;
la que te guste whichever you like
3 ( en expresiones de tiempo):
mi cumpleaños es el 28 de mayo my birthday's on May 28;
el mes pasado last month;
toda la mañana all morning;
a las ocho at eight o'clock
4 ( cada):◊ $80 el metro/kilo $80 a meter/a kilo, $80 per kilo/meter
5 (con fracciones, porcentajes, números):◊ la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero half the money/a quarter of the money;
el 20% de … 20% of …
6 (con partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc):
¡te cortaste el pelo! you've had your hair cut!;
tiene los ojos azules he has blue eyes
7a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc):◊ el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal;
los Ortega the Ortegas
ver África, Argentina, etc
él pron pers
◊ ¿quién se lo va a decir? — él who's going to tell her? — he is;
lo hizo él mismo he did it himself;
fue él it was him
( refiriéndose a cosas) it;◊ llegué antes que él I arrived before him o before he did;
con/para él with/for him;
son de él they're his
el art def m
1 the
2 (no se traduce) (ante un tratamiento formal) el sr. Gómez, Mr Gomez
(cuando el sustantivo es general) el hambre/tiempo, hunger/time
3 (se traduce por un posesivo) (con partes del cuerpo) se ha cortado el pelo, she's cut her hair
(prendas) se lo metió en el bolsillo, he put it in his pocket
(pertenencias) guarda el diario en el cajón, put your diary into the drawer
4 (con días de la semana) iré el miércoles, I'll go on Wednesday
5 (cuando el sustantivo está elidido) the one: prefiero el azul, I prefer the blue one
el de las diez, the ten o'clock one
el que está en la mesa, the one that's on the table
el que más nos guste, whichever one we like best
(delante de un posesivo) el de María, Maria's
es el mío, it's mine
él pron pers
1 (sujeto) (persona) he
(animal, cosa) it: fue él, it was him, fue él el que..., it was him that... o it was he who...
2 (complemento) (persona) him
(animal, cosa) it
dáselo a él, give it to him, es para él, it's for him
3 (posesivo) de él, his
4 (oración comparativa) ella es mejor que él, she's better than him o she's better than he is
'él' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abajo
- abalanzarse
- abaratarse
- abarquillarse
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abastecimiento
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abdicar
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abordar
- aborigen
- aborregarse
- abortar
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abrir
- abreviar
- abrirse
- absoluta
- absoluto
- abstención
- abundancia
- acabar
- acabarse
- acabose
- acallar
- acanallar
- accionariado
- acero
- achacosa
- achacoso
- achatamiento
- achicharrarse
- aclarar
- aclarado
- acomodarse
- acompañar
- acondicionar
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
English:
A
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- about
- above
- abroad
- abseil
- absence
- absent
- absolute
- absolve
- absorb
- abstract
- academic
- accelerate
- accommodate
- accomplice
- account
- accurately
- accusation
- accused
- accustom
- aching
- act
- act on
- act up
- actual
- actually
- acute
- address
- adequately
- adjourn
- admission
- admit
- advance
- advanced
- advantage
- advantageous
- advise
- advocate
- affair
- afford
- afloat
- afraid
- after
- against
- age
- agenda
- aggregate
* * *el (f la, mpl los, fpl las) art determinado el is used instead of la before feminine nouns which are stressed on the first syllable and begin with “a” or “ha” (e.g. el agua, el hacha). Note that el combines with the prepositions a and de to produce the contracted forms al and del.1. [con valor especificador] the;el coche the car;la casa the house;los niños the children;el agua/hacha/águila the water/axe/eagle;fui a recoger a los niños I went to pick up the childrenla vida life;el hombre Man, human beings;los derechos de la mujer women's rights;los niños imitan a los adultos children copy adults;el pan es un alimento básico bread is a basic food;la mayoría de la gente no la conoce most people don't know her;vuelve el biquini bikinis are backse quitó los zapatos she took her shoes off;tiene el pelo oscuro he has dark hair;me han robado la maleta my suitcase has been stolen;se dieron la mano they shook handslos domingos vamos al cine we go to the movies (on) Sundays;llegaré el 1 de mayo [escrito] I'll arrive on 1 May;[hablado] I'll arrive on the first of May;son las siete it's seven o'clock;el año pasado/que viene last/next yearel Everest (Mount) Everest;la India India;La Haya The Hague;El Cairo Cairo;la España de la posguerra post-war Spainel señor/el doctor Juárez Mr/Doctor Juárez;los Amaya [matrimonio] Mr and Mrs Amaya, the Amayas;[familia completa] the Amayas, the Amaya family;los Austrias the Hapsburgs;el Hitler español the Spanish Hitler8. [con numerales, porcentajes, fracciones]el siete es mi número de la suerte seven's my lucky number;llegó el tercero he came third;el tercer piso the third floor;un aumento del 30 por ciento a 30 percent increase;la quinta parte (de) a fifth (of);el 20 por ciento (de) 20 percent (of)10. [con complemento especificativo]el/la del sombrero the one with the hat;los/las de azul [cosas] the blue ones;[personas] the ones in blue;he perdido el tren, cogeré el de las nueve I've missed the train, I'll get the nine o'clock one;el de aquí this one here;¿los del parque son amigos tuyos? were those people in the park friends of yours?;prefiero las del escaparate I prefer the ones in the window;los del fondo no se callan the people at the back won't shut upel mío mine;la tuya yours;los suyos theirsel/la mejor the best;es la mejor de la clase she's the best in the class, she's top of the class;los seleccionados realizarán un examen those chosen will sit an exam;el tonto de Ignacio se equivocó that idiot Ignacio got it wronges amante del buen comer she loves good food;me sienta mal el tener que decírtelo I don't like to have to tell you14. [con frases subordinadas][persona] whoever;el/la que [cosa] whichever;los/las que [cosas] whichever;[personas] whoever;coge el/los que quieras take whichever you like;el que más corra whoever runs fastest, the one who runs the fastest;las que quieran venir que levanten la mano those who want to come o anyone who wants to come should put their hand up;el que no te guste no quiere decir que sea malo the fact that you don't like him doesn't make him a bad person15. [con valor enfático]¡la pena que me dio verlo en ese estado! I felt so sorry for him when I saw him in that state!* * *elI art theII pron:el de … that of …;el de Juan Juan’s;el más grande the biggest (one);el que está … the one that is …* * *él pron: he, himél es mi amigo: he's my friendhablaremos con él: we will speak with himel pron, (referring to masculine nouns)1) : the onetengo mi libro y el tuyo: I have my book and yoursde los cantantes me gusta el de México: I prefer the singer from México2)el que : he who, whoever, the one thatel que vino ayer: the one who came yesterdayel que trabaja duro estará contento: he who works hard will be happyel, la art, pl los, las : thelos niños están en la casa: the boys are in the houseme duele el pie: my foot hurts* * *el det1. the¿qué te pareció el libro? what did you think of the book?2. (posesivo) my / your / his / her etcétera¿te has cortado el pelo? have you had your hair cut?3. (característica) the one¿cuál prefieres? el azul which one do you prefer? the blue one¡Ojo! Algunas veces no se traduce¿quieres salir el sábado? do you want to go out on Saturday?el Sr. García Mr. Garcíacon el que that... withen el que that... in -
13 точка
point
- бортовая заправочная — external servicing point
- верхняя мертвая (вмт, поршня пд) — top dead center (tdc
положение поршня и соответствующего кривошипа копенвапа в точке, наиболее удаленной от оси коленвапа, т.е. положение поршня в самой верхней точке хода (рис. 64). — the position of а piston and its crankshaft arm when the piston is at its farthest removed position from the center line of the crankshaft, i.e., it is at the top of stroke.
- весеннего равноденствия весны — vernal equinox
- выброски, беспосадочного десантирования (парашютистов, грузов) — (para) drop point /area/
- выхода из района (зоны) — exit fix
-, десятичная (на пульте управнения и индикации) — decimal point. all decimal points are illuminated.
- заземления (эл.) — ground connection
на схеме должны быть указаны внутренние перемычки и точки заземления, — internal jumpers and ground connections be shown in the wiring diagram.
- замера — measuring point
- замерзания — freezing point
- заправки водой (маслом, топливом) — water (oil, fuel) servicing point
- измерения — measuring point
-, исходная — origin, initial point
- касания — contact point
- касания самолета при посадке (рис. 116) — touchdown point
- кипения — boiling point (bp)
- кислородного питания (штуцер) — oxygen outlet
-, конечная — terminal point
-, контрольная (контрольный вывод в аппаратуре) (кг) — test point (тр). a number of strategically placed тр provides simple and rapid trouble-shooting.
- крепления — attachment /attach /point
- крепления страховочных строп — afety harness attach(ment) point /receptacle/
-, критическая (точка нулевой скорости в потоке, обтекающам тело) (рис. 142) — stagnation point. a point in а field of flow about а body where the air particles have zero velocity with respect to the body.
-, критическая (отказа двигателя при взлете) — critical point, critical engine failure point
точка, в которой при разбеге самолета предполагается отказ критического двигателя с цепью опредепения дистанции прерванного взлета и траектории взлета, — critical point is а selected point at which, for the purpose of determining the accelerate-stop distance and take-off path, failure of the critical power unit is assumed to occur.
-, мертвая (в системе управпения) — dead spot
зона нечувствительности у нейтрального положения в системе управления, в котарой незначительные перемещения исполнительного мехацизма не вызывают к-л. срабатывания системы. — in а control system, а region centered about the neutral control position where small movements of the actuator do not produce any response in the system.
- места местоположения (ла) — position (fix), pos
- минимальной высоты принятия решения идти на посадку — minimum landing commit point. do not attempt а go-around after the minimum commit point (1000 ft above airport elevation).
-, наведения (при заходе на посадку) — land point. fix а land point on the runway
- из впп, не обеспечивающая безопасности выполнения посадки — nо-land point (on runway)
- на поверхности земли — point on surface of the earth, point on the earth's surface
- на траектории — point on flight path
- на траектории, указанная в графике на рис. — point(s) on flight path plotted in fig.
- начала выброски (тнв, парашютистов, грузов) — drop initiation point (dip)
- начала выравнивания (при посадке) — flare-out point
- начала выравнивания (после набора высоты) — leveling-off point
- начала координат — origin of coordinates
- начала отсчета — datum point, origin, reference point
- начала отсчета дистанций (пo продольной оси ла) — station numbering origin
- начала отсчета (траектории начального взлета) — (takeoff flight path) reference zero
начало отсчета координат различных точек на траектории начального набора высоты, расположенное в конце взлетной дистанции на уровне 35 фт (10,7 м) ниже траектории взлета. — this is а reference to which the coordinates of the various points in the takeoff flight path are referred. it is defined as the end of the takeoff distance and 35 feet below the flight path at this point.
- начала разворота — initial point of turn, roll-in point, turn point
- начала шкалы (прибора) — scale origin point
-, нейтральная — neutral point
-, неподвижная — fixed point
- нечувствительности (в системe управления) — dead spot
-, нивелировочная — leveling mark /point/
контрольные точки на определенных местах конструкции самолета, служащие для нивелировки ла. — reference marks for leveling the airplane on the ground.
-, нижняя мертвая (нмт) — bottom dead center (bdc)
положение поршня пд при его максимальном удалении от головки цилиндра (рис. 64). — the crankshaft position when the piston of an engine is at the greatest possible distance from the cylinder head.
-, нулевая (напр., электрического соединения *звездой*) — neutral point
-, нулевая заземленная — grounded neutral point
-, нулевая незаземленная — ungrounded neutral point
- нулевой подъемной силы — zero lift point
- обслуживания туалетов (заправки водой, химжидкостью, слив) — lavatory servicing point
-, опорная (отсчета, привязки) — reference point
- опоры — fulcrum
точка, относительно которой поворачивается или совершает колебательные движения рычаг. — the pivot point about which а lever oscillates or turns.
- осени, осеннего равнодействия — autumn equinox
- отказа двигателя (при взлете — engine failure point
- отрыва воздушного потока — airflow separation point
точка, в которой происходит отрыв пограничного слоя потока.
- отрыва (срыва) возд. потока, точка начала турбулизации — burble point. the point in increasing angle of attack at which burble begins.
- отрыва при взлете — lift-off point
- отсчета, нулевая — reference zero, origin
- пересечения — paint of intersection
- перехода (рис. 142) — transition point
- питания кислородом (штуцер) — oxygen outlet
- повышенного внимания (при осмотре, контроле) — thorough-inspection point /area, zone/, point subject to thorough inspection
- подъема (такелажная) — lifting /hoist/ point
- полного торможения (лотока) — stagnation point
-, посадочная (на впп) — land point fix а land-no land point on the runway.
- прибытия (прилета) — point of destination
- приземления — touchdown point
- приложения вектора — point of vector application
- приложения нагрузки — point of load application
- приложения силы — point of force application
- принятия решения — decision point
- принятия решения идти на посадку (300 м над уровнем аэродрома) — landing commit point (1000 ft above airport elevation)
- прицеливания — aim(ing) point
- прицеливания, наведения (предполагаемого касания впп при посадке) — land point
- пятиминутного взлета — five minute power point
точка, достигаемая самалетом через 5 минут после на чала взлета. режим работы двигателей (после достижения этой точки) должен быть уменьшен до макс. продолжительного. — the point at which a time of 5 minutes has elapsed after start of takeoff. the power of the operative engines must then be reduced to maximum continuous.
- равноденствия (в астронавигации) — equinoctical point, equinox
-, радионавигационная (рнт) — radio navigation station
- разворота — turn point
-, реперная (для нивелировки) — leveling point /mark/
- росы — dewpoint
температура, до которой нужно охладить воздух, чтобы содержащийся в нем водяной пар достиг состояния насыщения, — the temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water-vapor content in order for saturation to occur.
-, световая (отметка на экране катодно-лучевой трубки) — blip. a spot of light on cathoderay tube display.
-, световая (от осветителя) — spot of light
- смазки (на карте смазки) — greasing point (on lubrication chart)
- сообщения о месте (местоположении) ла — reporting point
- соррикосновения — point of contact
- срабатывания — actuation point
-, средняя (трех-фазной сети с четвертым проводом, с возможным заземлением) — neutral point (of three-phase, four-wire system). the neutral point may be grounded.
- старта (при взлете) — start of takeoff
- старта (начала полета) — point of departure
-, створная — align point
-, такелажная — lifting/hoist/point
chart showing lifting and jacking points shall be provided.
-, такелажная (надпись) — hoist point, hoist here
-, тарируемая — calibrated point
- технического обслуживания (бортовая, на борту ла) — (external) servicing point
- траектории полета — flight path point
- четверти хорды — quarter-chord point
точка на хорде аэродинамического профиля, отстоящая на 1/4 длины хорды от передней кромки (рис. 8). — quarter-chord point is on the aerofoil section chord at one quarter of the chord length behind the leading edge.
- шарнирного крепления — hinge point
элерон крепится (подвешивается) в (з-х) точках, — aileron is hinged at (three) points.
-, швартовочная (груза в отсеке) — tie-down point
-, швартовочная (ла) (рис. 150) — mooring/picketing/point
- шкалы (прибора) — scale point /mark/
- шкалы (рис. 72) — scale dot
- шкалы, оцифрованная, числовая — scale point marked with figure, figure-marked scale point
в вмт (верхней мертвой точке) — at tdc. the piston of cylinder no.1 is at tdc.
в нмт (нижней мертвой точке) — at bdc
до вмт — before tdc
замер в т. "а" — measurement at point "а"
недоход поршня до верхней мертвой т. на...град. — piston failure to reach tdc by... degrees
после вмт — after /past/ tdc
доходить до вмт (о поршне) — reach tdc
не доходить до вмт — fail to reach tdc
рассчитывать т. разворота — calculate turn pointРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > точка
-
14 fjórðungr
(-s, -ar), m.1) the fourth part, quarter;fjórðungr rastar, a distance of about a mile;2) a weight = ten pounds;3) in Iceland, one of the Quarters into which the whole land was divided (Austfirðinga, Vestfirðinga, Norðlendinga, Sunnlendinga fjórðungr).* * *m., generally the fourth part, quarter, D. I. i. 470, Grág. i. 144; f. héraðsmanna, N. G. L. i. 352; f. rastar, the fourth part of a mile, Fms. viii. 63; fjórðungr vísu, the fourth part of a verse-system or stanza, = two lines, Edda (Ht.); hence fjórðunga-lok, n. the last quarter of a verse, Fms. vi. 387: a coin (cp. Engl. farthing), N. G. L. iii. ch. 13.3. a weight = ten pounds or twenty ‘merkr,’ Jb. 375, Grág. Kb. 232, Dipl. iii. 4, Grág. ii. 362: the law allows a person to bequeath the fourth part of his property, this is called fjórðungs-gjöf, f., Gþl. 270, cp. Jb., Dipl. v. 1.4. the Icel. tithe (tíund) was divided into four shares, each of them called ‘fjórðungr,’—to the poor, bishop, church, and priest, Grág., Tl., passim.II. in Norway counties were divided into fjórðungar quarters (þriðjungar ridings, sextungar sextants, áttungar octants, etc.), vide D. N.; hence fjórðungs-kirkja, a quarter church, parish church, N. G. L.; fjórðungs-maðr, a man from the same quarter or parish; fjórðungs-prestr, the priest of a fjórðungs-kirkja; fjórðungs-þing, the meeting of a f.; fjórðungs-korn, corn due to the priest, D. N., N. G. L., the statutes passim; fjórðungs-ból, a farm yielding a certain rent, and many others. Again, in Icel. the whole land was politically divided into quarters or fjórðungar (this division seems to have taken place A. D. 964, and exists up to the present time), thus, Austfirðinga-, Vestfirðinga-, Norðlendinga-, Sunnlendinga-fjórðungr, or east-, west-, north-, and south quarters; each of the quarters had three or four shires or þing, and each had a parliament called Fjórðungs-þing or Fjórðunga-þing, and a court called Fjórðungs-dómar, Quarter-courts, Eb. ch. 10, Landn. 2. 12; (it is uncertain whether the writer Eb. l. c. intended to make a distinction between Fjórðunga-þing and Fjórðungs-þing, denoting by the latter a ‘general quarter parliament,’ cp. also Landn. 150.)COMPDS: fjórðungamót, fjórðungaskipti, fjórðungshöfðingi, fjórðungsmenn, fjórðungssekt, fjórðungsúmagi. -
15 lado
m.1 side (coin).el cine está a este lado de la calle the cinema is on this side of the streetde al lado nextla casa de al lado the house next dooral otro lado de la calle/frontera, across the street/borderen el lado de arriba/abajo on the top/bottoma ambos lados on both sidesmételo de lado put it in sidewaysdormir de lado to sleep on one's sideviento de lado crosswindatravesar algo de lado a lado to cross something from one side to the otherecharse o hacerse a un lado to move asidepor un lado on the one handpor otro lado on the other hand2 place (place).debe de estar en otro lado it must be somewhere elsede un lado para o a otro to and fropor todos lados everywhere, all aroundiremos cada uno por nuestro lado we will go our separate ways3 side (faction).y tú ¿de qué lado estás? whose side are you on?ponerse del lado de alguien to take somebody's side4 latus, flank, regio lateralis.* * *1 (gen) side\al lado de alguien next to somebodyal lado de algo beside somethingdar de lado a alguien to ignore somebodyde medio lado tilted, on the tiltde un lado para otro about, all over the place, to and fro, backwards and forwardsdejar a alguien de lado to leave somebody outdejar algo a un lado to leave something asidedejar algo de lado to leave something asideestar al lado (muy cerca) to be very nearhacerse a un lado to get out of the wayponer a un lado to set asideponer algo de lado to put something sidewayspor un lado... por otro... on the one hand... on the other hand...* * *noun m.- al lado* * *SM1) (=lateral) sidelado derecho — right side, right-hand side
lado izquierdo — left side, left-hand side
al otro lado de la calle — on the other side of the street, across the street
llevar algo al otro lado del río — to take sth across o over the river
a un lado y a otro — on all sides, all around
•
de lado — sideways•
echarse o hacerse a un lado — [persona] to move to one side, step aside; [vehículo] to swerve out of the way•
por su lado, se fue cada uno por su lado — they went their separate ways- mirar a algn de medio lado2) (=aspecto) sidevamos a ver un lado distinto de la cuestión — we're going to look at a different aspect of the issue
•
por un lado..., por otro lado... — on the one hand..., on the other hand...por ese lado, creo que está bien — in that respect, I think it's all right
3) (=lugar)•
ponlo en cualquier lado — put it anywhere•
otro lado, tiene que estar en otro lado — it must be somewhere elseir de un lado a otro — to go to and fro, walk up and down
estuvo de un lado para otro toda la mañana — she was up and down all morning, she was running around all morning
•
por todos lados, me lo encuentro por todos lados — I bump into him everywhere I gorodeado de agua por todos lados — surrounded by water on all sides, completely surrounded by water
4) [indicando proximidad]•
estar al lado — to be nearel cine está aquí al lado — the cinema is just round the corner, the cinema is very near
•
al lado de, la silla que está al lado del armario — the chair beside the wardrobeal lado de aquello, esto no es nada — compared to that, this is nothing
al lado de ella, tú pareces una belleza — compared to her, you seem really beautiful
•
a mi/tu lado, Felipe se sentó a mi lado — Felipe sat beside me5) (=bando) (Mil) flank; (Pol) factionyo estoy de su lado — I'm on his side, I'm with him
6) (Mat) side7) (Dep) end8) † (=favor) favour, protection* * *1)a) ( parte lateral) sidea este/al otro lado del río — on this/on the other side of the river
¿de qué lado de la calle? — which side of the street?
cambiar de lado — (Dep) to change sides (AmE) o (BrE) ends
b) (de papel, moneda, tela) sidec) (Mat) ( de polígono) side2) (aspecto, ángulo) side3)a) ( bando) side¿de qué lado estás? — whose side are you on?
b) ( rama familiar) side4) (sitio, lugar)miré en or por todos lados — I looked everywhere
5) (en locs)al lado: viven en la casa de al lado they live next door; los vecinos de al lado the next-door neighbors; nos queda aquí al lado it's very near here o (colloq) is right on the doorstep; al lado de alguien/algo ( contiguo a) next to somebody/something, beside somebody/something; ( en comparación con) compared to somebody/something; a su lado me siento segura I feel safe when I'm with him; de mi/tu/su lado: no te muevas de mi lado don't leave my side, stay close to me; de lado <meter/colocar> sideways; <tumbarse/dormir> on one's side; ponlo de lado turn it sideways; de medio lado at an angle; por otro lado ( en cambio) on the other hand; ( además) apart from anything else; por un lado..., pero por otro lado... on the one hand..., but on the other hand...; dejar algo de lado or a un lado to leave something aside o to one side; dejar a alguien de lado: me dejan de lado en la oficina they leave me out of things at the office; sus amigos la dejaron a un lado her friends gave her the cold shoulder; estar al or del otro lado (CS, Méx fam) to be over the worst, be laughing (colloq); ir cada uno por su lado: mejor vamos cada uno por nuestro lado y allí nos encontramos it's better if we all make our own way and meet each other there; cada uno se fue por su lado they went their separate ways; por cualquier lado que se mire whichever way o however you look at it; saber de qué lado sopla el viento — to know which way the wind blows, know how the land lies
* * *= part, quarter, side.Ex. Parts of the abstract are written in the informative style, whilst those points which are of less significance are treated indicatively.Ex. A reappraisal is therefore outlined here with the understanding that it is open to rebuttal and challenge from whatever quarter.Ex. The red ON/OFF switch for the terminal is located at the left side of the screen.----* a ambos lados de = on either side of.* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.* adelantar por el lado incorrecto = undertake.* al lado de = beside, at the side of, by the side of.* al otro lado de = across.* al otro lado de la barrera = on the other side of the fence.* al otro lado de la ciudad = cross-town.* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.* al otro lado del mundo = half way (a)round the world.* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.* ambos lados del argumento = both sides of the fence.* apartarse a un lado = pull over.* a todos lados = far and wide.* a uno y otro lado de = on either side of.* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* continuar al lado de = stand by.* con una pierna a cada lado de = astride.* dar de lado = short-circuit [shortcircuit], give + Nombre + the cold shoulder.* dejando a un lado = apart from.* dejar a una lado = put + Nombre + to one side.* dejar a un lado = put + aside, move + beyond, lay + Nombre + aside, leave by + the wayside.* dejar de lado = leave + aside, forego [forgo].* del otro lado de la ciudad = cross-town.* denerse en el lado del camino = pull over.* de todos lados = from far and wide.* de un lado de la ciudad a otro = cross-town.* de un lado para otro = on the move, to and fro.* echar a un lado = push aside.* el otro lado de la barrera = the other side of the fence.* en el lado negativo = on the negative side, on the downside.* en el lado positivo = on the credit side, on the positive side, on the plus side, on the bright side.* en todos lados = far and wide.* estar al lado de = stand by + Lugar.* extenderse por todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.* hacer a un lado = nudge + Nombre + aside, push aside.* hacerse a un lado = make + room (for), pull over.* juntos por el lado más ancho = side by side.* juntos por el lado más estrecho = end to end.* lado del camino = wayside.* lado derecho = right-hand side.* lado derecho, el = right side, the.* lado exterior, el = far side, the.* lado externo, el = far side, the.* lado izquierdo, el = left side, the.* lado más cercano, el = near side, the, near side, the.* llegar a todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.* mirar al otro lado = look + the other way.* pararse en el lado del camino = pull over.* pasar por el lado de = make + Posesivo + way past.* pero por otro lado = but then again.* poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.* ponerse del lado de = side with.* ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note.* por otro lados = on other matters.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por un lado = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* tiempo estar de lado de Alguien = time + be + on + Posesivo + side.* viento de lado = crosswind.* * *1)a) ( parte lateral) sidea este/al otro lado del río — on this/on the other side of the river
¿de qué lado de la calle? — which side of the street?
cambiar de lado — (Dep) to change sides (AmE) o (BrE) ends
b) (de papel, moneda, tela) sidec) (Mat) ( de polígono) side2) (aspecto, ángulo) side3)a) ( bando) side¿de qué lado estás? — whose side are you on?
b) ( rama familiar) side4) (sitio, lugar)miré en or por todos lados — I looked everywhere
5) (en locs)al lado: viven en la casa de al lado they live next door; los vecinos de al lado the next-door neighbors; nos queda aquí al lado it's very near here o (colloq) is right on the doorstep; al lado de alguien/algo ( contiguo a) next to somebody/something, beside somebody/something; ( en comparación con) compared to somebody/something; a su lado me siento segura I feel safe when I'm with him; de mi/tu/su lado: no te muevas de mi lado don't leave my side, stay close to me; de lado <meter/colocar> sideways; <tumbarse/dormir> on one's side; ponlo de lado turn it sideways; de medio lado at an angle; por otro lado ( en cambio) on the other hand; ( además) apart from anything else; por un lado..., pero por otro lado... on the one hand..., but on the other hand...; dejar algo de lado or a un lado to leave something aside o to one side; dejar a alguien de lado: me dejan de lado en la oficina they leave me out of things at the office; sus amigos la dejaron a un lado her friends gave her the cold shoulder; estar al or del otro lado (CS, Méx fam) to be over the worst, be laughing (colloq); ir cada uno por su lado: mejor vamos cada uno por nuestro lado y allí nos encontramos it's better if we all make our own way and meet each other there; cada uno se fue por su lado they went their separate ways; por cualquier lado que se mire whichever way o however you look at it; saber de qué lado sopla el viento — to know which way the wind blows, know how the land lies
* * *= part, quarter, side.Ex: Parts of the abstract are written in the informative style, whilst those points which are of less significance are treated indicatively.
Ex: A reappraisal is therefore outlined here with the understanding that it is open to rebuttal and challenge from whatever quarter.Ex: The red ON/OFF switch for the terminal is located at the left side of the screen.* a ambos lados de = on either side of.* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.* adelantar por el lado incorrecto = undertake.* al lado de = beside, at the side of, by the side of.* al otro lado de = across.* al otro lado de la barrera = on the other side of the fence.* al otro lado de la ciudad = cross-town.* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.* al otro lado del mundo = half way (a)round the world.* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.* ambos lados del argumento = both sides of the fence.* apartarse a un lado = pull over.* a todos lados = far and wide.* a uno y otro lado de = on either side of.* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* continuar al lado de = stand by.* con una pierna a cada lado de = astride.* dar de lado = short-circuit [shortcircuit], give + Nombre + the cold shoulder.* dejando a un lado = apart from.* dejar a una lado = put + Nombre + to one side.* dejar a un lado = put + aside, move + beyond, lay + Nombre + aside, leave by + the wayside.* dejar de lado = leave + aside, forego [forgo].* del otro lado de la ciudad = cross-town.* denerse en el lado del camino = pull over.* de todos lados = from far and wide.* de un lado de la ciudad a otro = cross-town.* de un lado para otro = on the move, to and fro.* echar a un lado = push aside.* el otro lado de la barrera = the other side of the fence.* en el lado negativo = on the negative side, on the downside.* en el lado positivo = on the credit side, on the positive side, on the plus side, on the bright side.* en todos lados = far and wide.* estar al lado de = stand by + Lugar.* extenderse por todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.* hacer a un lado = nudge + Nombre + aside, push aside.* hacerse a un lado = make + room (for), pull over.* juntos por el lado más ancho = side by side.* juntos por el lado más estrecho = end to end.* lado del camino = wayside.* lado derecho = right-hand side.* lado derecho, el = right side, the.* lado exterior, el = far side, the.* lado externo, el = far side, the.* lado izquierdo, el = left side, the.* lado más cercano, el = near side, the, near side, the.* llegar a todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.* mirar al otro lado = look + the other way.* pararse en el lado del camino = pull over.* pasar por el lado de = make + Posesivo + way past.* pero por otro lado = but then again.* poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.* ponerse del lado de = side with.* ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note.* por otro lados = on other matters.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por un lado = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* tiempo estar de lado de Alguien = time + be + on + Posesivo + side.* viento de lado = crosswind.* * *A1 (parte lateral) sideestá en el lado derecho it is on the right side o the righthand sidea este/al otro lado del río on this/on the other side of the river¿de qué lado de la calle está su casa? which side of the street is your house on?se hizo a un lado para dejarlo pasar she stood aside o moved to one side to let him passtuvo que echarse a un lado para evitar la colisión he had to swerve to avoid a collisionpon estas fichas a un lado set these pieces aside, put these counters to one side ( BrE)2 (de un papel, una moneda, una tela) sideescribe sólo por un lado del folio write on o use one side of the paper only3 ( Mat) (de un polígono) side4 ( Econ):el lado de la demanda/de la oferta the demand/supply sideCompuesto:blind sideB (aspecto, ángulo) sidehay que ver el lado positivo de las cosas you have to look on the bright side of thingstodas las cosas tienen su lado bueno y su lado malo there's a good side and a bad side to everythingLuisa tiene su lado bueno Luisa has her good pointspor ese lado te conviene aceptar from that point of view it's to your advantage to acceptC1 (bando) side¿tú de qué lado estás, del suyo o del nuestro? whose side are you on? theirs or ours?igualar a dos goles por lado they drew/tied two goals each2 (rama familiar) sidepor el lado materno/paterno on the maternal/paternal sidepor el lado de mi madre/padre on my mother's/father's side (of the family)D(sitio, lugar): he mirado en or por todos lados y no lo encuentro I've looked everywhere and I can't find itponlo por ahí en cualquier lado put it over there somewhere o ( AmE) someplace¿por qué no vamos por otro lado? why don't we go a different way?va a todos lados en taxi she goes everywhere by taxime he pasado toda la mañana de un lado para otro I've been running around all morningvas a tener que intentarlo por otro lado you're going to have to try some other wayE ( en locs):al lado: viven en la casa de al lado they live next doornuestros vecinos de al lado our next-door neighborsel colegio nos queda aquí al lado the school's very near here o ( colloq) is right on the doorstepal lado de algn/algo (contiguo a) next to sb/sth, beside sb/sth; (en comparación con) compared to sb/sthse sentó al lado de su padre she sat down next to o beside her fatherponte aquí a mi lado sit here next to o beside meal lado de él or ( crit) al lado suyo hasta yo parezco inteligente compared to him even I seem intelligenta su lado me siento segura I feel safe when I'm with himtodas las cosas que he aprendido a su lado everything I've learned from (being with) herviven al lado de mi casa they live next door to meme queda al lado del trabajo it's right by o very near where I workeso no es nada al lado de lo que él tiene that's nothing compared to o with what he hasde mi/tu/su lado: no te muevas de mi lado don't leave my side, stay close to mede lado ‹meter/colocar› sideways;‹tumbarse/dormir› on one's sideponlo de lado a ver si cabe turn it sideways, maybe it'll fit that wayde medio lado at an anglellevaba el sombrero de medio lado he wore his hat at an anglepor otro lado, estas cifras tampoco son muy significativas there again o however o on the other hand, these figures are not very significantpor un lado …, pero por otro lado … on the one hand …, but on the other hand …por otro lado yo ni siquiera lo conozco apart from anything else I don't even know himdejar algo de ladoor a un lado to leave sth aside o to one sidedejar or ( Esp) dar a algn de ladoor a un lado: últimamente lo están dejando de lado en la oficina lately they've been leaving him out of things in the officesus amigos la están dejando a un lado her friends have been giving her the cold shoulderir cada uno por su lado: mejor vamos cada uno por nuestro lado y allí nos encontramos it's better if we all make our own way and meet each other therese pelearon y cada uno se fue por su lado they had an argument and went their separate waysaunque viven juntos, luego cada uno va por su lado although they live together, they all lead their own separate lives o ( colloq) they all do their own thingmirarle a algn de lado ( fam); to look down on sbpor cualquier lado que se mire whichever way o however you look at itsaber de qué lado sopla el viento to know which way the wind blows, know how the land lies* * *
lado sustantivo masculino
1
a este/al otro lado del río on this/on the other side of the river;
hacerse a un lado to move to one side;
echarse a un lado [ coche] to swerve;
[ persona] to move over;
¿de qué lado estás? whose side are you on?;
cambiar de lado (Dep) to change sides (AmE) o (BrE) ends;
ver el lado positivo de las cosas to look on the bright side of things;
por el lado de mi padre on my father's side (of the family)
2 (sitio, lugar):◊ a/en/por todos lados everywhere;
en algún lado somewhere;
en cualquier lado anywhere;
ir de un lado para otro to run around
3 ( en locs)◊ al lado: viven en la casa de al lado they live next door;
los vecinos de al lado the next-door neighbors;
al lado de algn/algo ( contiguo a) next to sb/sth, beside sb/sth;
( en comparación con) compared to sb/sth;
‹tumbarse/dormir› on one's side;
por otro lado ( en cambio) on the other hand;
( además) apart from anything else;◊ por un lado …, pero por otro lado … on the one hand …, but on the other hand …;
dejar algo de lado to leave sth aside o to one side;
ir cada uno por su lado: cada uno se fue por su lado they went their separate ways
lado sustantivo masculino
1 side: a este lado del río, on this side of the river
a un lado, aside
2 (lugar) place: idos a otro lado, go somewhere else
3 (camino, dirección) direction, way: nos fuimos por otro lado, we went another way
4 (aspecto) side: tiene un lado salvaje, he has a wild side
por un lado..., por otro lado..., on the one hand..., on the other (hand)...
♦ Locuciones: al lado, close by, nearby: mi casa está ahí al lado, my house is just over there
al lado de, next to, beside: al lado de ella, tú eres un genio, compared with her, you are a genius
dar de lado a alguien, to cold-shoulder sb
de (medio) lado, sideways: saludó friamente y miró de medio lado, he said hello coldly and then looked away
' lado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- ancha
- ancho
- aparte
- banda
- chalet
- collado
- cuestión
- derecha
- derecho
- emplazar
- estar
- ir
- izquierda
- izquierdo
- justa
- justo
- ladearse
- mano
- moribunda
- moribundo
- parte
- sacudir
- siniestra
- siniestro
- apartar
- colgar
- colocar
- contramano
- contrapeso
- contrario
- cruzar
- cualquiera
- dejar
- dormir
- echar
- enfrente
- explanada
- hacer
- inclinar
- llegar
- ninguno
- ocupar
- opuesto
- orillar
- otro
- paralizar
- pasar
- robar
- través
English:
about
- across
- alongside
- arrogant
- aside
- astir
- beside
- breadth
- bright
- bring out
- brush aside
- bury
- by
- crack
- cross
- dash
- directly
- disturbing
- downside
- dwarf
- either
- embankment
- flank
- flip side
- graph paper
- graze
- hand
- lay aside
- lay down
- move along
- move over
- nearside
- next
- next door
- noplace
- off
- offside
- out
- outside
- over
- pace
- part
- past
- pull over
- push aside
- put aside
- right
- right-hand
- set aside
- side
* * *lado nm1. [costado, cara, parte lateral] side;me duele el lado izquierdo my left side is hurting;el supermercado está a este lado de la calle the supermarket is on this side of the street;el lado más áspero de la tela the rougher side of the cloth;un polígono con cuatro lados a four-sided o quadrilateral polygon;este cuadro se puede colgar en el lado de la chimenea we can hang this painting on the wall behind the fireplace;a ambos lados on both sides;al lado [cerca] nearby;yo vivo aquí al lado I live just round the corner from here;al lado de [junto a] beside, next to;[comparado con] compared to;la zapatería está al lado de la joyería the shoe shop is next to the jeweller's;Juan, al lado de su hermano, es muy alto Juan is very tall compared to his brother;al otro lado de on the other side of;la mesa de al lado the next table;la casa de al lado the house next door;los vecinos de al lado the next-door neighbours;no te vayas de su lado do not leave her side;en el lado de arriba/abajo on the top/bottom;de lado [torcido] at an angle;el cuadro está de lado the painting isn't straight;mételo de lado put it in sideways;dormir de lado to sleep on one's side;el viento sopla de lado there's a crosswind;atravesar algo de lado a lado to cross sth from one side to the other;poner algo a un lado to put sth aside o to one side2. [lugar] place;por este lado no oímos nada we can't hear anything over here;debe de estar en otro lado it must be somewhere else;estuve todo el día corriendo de un lado para otro I've been running around all day;hacerle un lado a alguien to make room for sb;iremos cada uno por nuestro lado y nos reuniremos en el hotel we will go our separate ways and meet up later at the hotel;si cada cual va por su lado, nunca sacaremos este proyecto adelante if everyone does their own thing, we'll never make a success of this project;por todos lados everywhere, all around;por todos lados se ven anuncios de este nuevo refresco there are adverts for this new drink everywhere3. [bando] side;y tú ¿de qué lado estás? whose side are you on?;estoy de su lado I'm on her side;ponerse del lado de alguien to take sb's side4. [línea de parentesco] side;por el lado paterno on my/his/her/ etc father's side5. [aspecto] side;siempre ve el lado negativo de las cosas she always sees the negative side of things;la entrevista se centra en el lado humano del campeón the interview focuses on the human side of the champion;por un lado [en primer lugar] on the one hand;[en cierto modo] in one sense; [además] in any case6. CompMéx, RP Famestar del otro lado to be over the worst;mirar de lado a alguien [despreciar] to look askance at sb;RP, Ven Fampasar al otro lado to kick the bucket, to snuff it;RP, Ven Fampasar a alguien para el otro lado to bump sb off;CSur Fam* * *m side; ( lugar) place;al lado nearby;al lado de beside, next to;al otro lado de on the other side of;de lado sideways;por todos lados everywhere;ir por otro lado go another way;mirar a otro lado look the other way;andar de un lado para otro run around;por un lado … por otro lado on the one hand … on the other hand;dejar a un lado leave aside;hacerse a un lado tb fig stand aside;dar a alguien de lado leave s.o. out;estar del lado de alguien be on s.o.’s side;ponerse del lado de alguien take s.o.’s side;cada uno va por su lado everyone goes their own way;mirar a alguien de (medio) lado look sideways at s.o.;por el lado de mi padre on my father’s side* * *lado nm1) : side2) parte: placemiró por todos lados: he looked everywhere3)al lado de : next to, beside4)de lado : tilted, sidewaysestá de lado: it's lying on its side5)hacerse a un lado : to step aside6)lado a lado : side by side7)por otro lado : on the other hand* * *lado n1. (en general) side2. (lugar) somewhere / nowhere / anywhere / everywherepor un lado... on the one hand...por otro lado... on the other hand... -
16 port
I 1.[pɔːt]noun1) (harbour) Hafen, derleave port — [aus dem Hafen] auslaufen
reach port — den Hafen erreichen
any port in a storm — (fig. coll.) ≈ in der Not frisst der Teufel Fliegen (ugs.)
port of call — Anlaufhafen, der; (fig.) Ziel, das
2. adjectiveland to port! — Land an Backbord!
(Naut., Aeronaut.): (left) Backbord-; backbordseitigII nounon the port bow/quarter — Backbord voraus/Backbord achteraus
* * *I [po:t] noun1) ((usually without a or the) a harbour: The ship came into port; We reached port next morning.) der Hafen2) (a town with a harbour: the port of Hull.) die HafenstadtII [po:t] noun(the left side of a ship or aircraft: The helmsman steered the ship to port; ( also adjective) the port wing.) das Backbord; Backbord-...III [po:t] noun(a strong, dark-red, sweet wine originally from Portugal.) der Portwein* * *port1[pɔ:t, AM pɔ:rt]n\port of embarkation Einschiffungshafen mfishing/naval \port Fischerei-/Seehafen mto come into \port [in den Hafen] einlaufento leave \port auslaufen3.port2[pɔ:t, AM pɔ:rt]to turn to \port nach Backbord drehenon the \port bow Backbord vorausthe \port side die Backbordseiteon the \port side backbordport3[pɔ:t, AM pɔ:rt]nhave you got a \port for a joystick on your computer? kannst du einen Joystick an deinen Computer anschließen?terminal \port Port m fachsprport4[pɔ:t, AM pɔ:rt]ruby/tawny \port Ruby/Tawny Port mport5[pɔ:t]* * *I [pɔːt]n1) (= harbour) Hafen mto come/put into port — in den Hafen einlaufen
port of call — Hafen m, Halt
to make port — den/einen Hafen anlaufen
port authority — Hafenamt nt, Hafenbehörde f
port dues — Hafengelder pl
IIthe yen is the safest port in the current economic storm — der Yen ist in der gegenwärtigen Wirtschaftskrise der sicherste Hafen
n1) (NAUT, AVIAT: porthole) Bullauge ntIII1. n(NAUT, AVIAT: left side) Backbord mland to port! — Land an Backbord!
2. adjcabin, deck auf der Backbordseite3. vt (NAUT)IVnPortwein m V (MIL)1. nto hold the rifle at port — das Gewehr (schräg nach links) vor dem Körper halten
2. vtarms schräg nach links vor dem Körper haltenport arms! — ≈ präsentiert das Gewehr!
* * *port1 [pɔː(r)t; US auch pəʊrt] s1. SCHIFF Hafen m:port authority Hafenbehörde f;port dues Hafengebühren;port facilities Hafenanlagen pl;a) Anlaufhafen,b) fig umg Ziel n;port of departure Abgangshafen;port of destination Bestimmungshafen;port of entry Einlaufhafen ( → 3);port of registry Heimathafen;port of tran(s)shipment Umschlaghafen;any port in a storm fig in der Not frisst der Teufel Fliegen3. WIRTSCH besonders US Grenz-, Zollkontrollstelle f:port of entry Einfuhr(zoll)stelle ( → 1)4. fig (sicherer) Hafenport2 [pɔː(r)t; US auch pəʊrt] FLUG, SCHIFFA s Backbord n:on the port bow! SCHIFF Backbord achteraus!;on the port quarter! SCHIFF Backbord voraus!;cast to port SCHIFF nach Backbord fallenB adj Backbord…:port side Backbord(seite) n(f)C adva) nach Backbordb) backbord(s)D v/t & v/i nach Backbord haltenport3 [pɔː(r)t; US auch pəʊrt] s1. besonders schott Tor n, Pforte f (einer Festung oder einer Stadt)2. SCHIFFa) (Lade)Luke f, (-)Pforte fb) (Pfort)Deckel m, (-)Luke fc) Bullauge nd) Geschützpforte f4. TECH (Auslass-, Einlass) Öffnung f, Abzug mport4 [pɔː(r)t; US auch pəʊrt] s Portwein mport5 [pɔː(r)t; US auch pəʊrt] v/t: → academic.ru/3625/arm">arm2 Bes Redewpt abk1. part T.2. payment4. point5. port* * *I 1.[pɔːt]noun1) (harbour) Hafen, dercome or put into port — [in den Hafen] einlaufen
leave port — [aus dem Hafen] auslaufen
any port in a storm — (fig. coll.) ≈ in der Not frisst der Teufel Fliegen (ugs.)
2. adjectiveport of call — Anlaufhafen, der; (fig.) Ziel, das
(Naut., Aeronaut.): (left) Backbord-; backbordseitigII nounon the port bow/quarter — Backbord voraus/Backbord achteraus
* * *(electricity) n.Anschluss ¨-e m. (navigation) n.Backbord n. adj.port adj. n.Hafen ¨-- m.Schlitz -e m.Öffnung -en f. -
17 él
art.the (in general).el coche the carla casa the houselos niños the childrenel agua/hacha/águila the water/ax/eaglefui a recoger a los niños I went to pick up the children* * *el1 the■ la Sra. Rodríguez Mrs. Rodríguez2 el de the one4 (cosa) the one, the one that, the one which* * *1. pron.- el que2. art.* * *el; la; los; lasART DEF1) [con nombres de referente único o concreto] the¿está fría el agua? — is the water cold?
¿ha llegado ya el abogado? — has the lawyer arrived yet?
el tío ese — * that chap
2) [en algunos casos no se traduce]a) [con nombres propios]¿qué manda la señora? — what would madam like?
ha llamado el Sr. Sendra — Mr. Sendra called
dáselo a la Luisa — * give it to Luisa
b) [con nombres en sentido genérico]c) [con infinitivo]el hacerlo fue un error — doing it was a mistake, it was a mistake to do it
d) [con cifras, proporciones]ahora gano el 3% más — I now earn 3% more
3) [traducido por el posesivo]4) [con expresiones temporales]5) (=uso distributivo)6) [en exclamaciones]¡el frío que hacía! — it was freezing!
7) [posesivo]•
el de, mi libro y el de usted — my book and yoursel del sombrero rojo — the one with o in the red hat
es un traje bonito, pero prefiero el de Ana — it's a nice suit, but I prefer Ana's
y el de todos los demás — and that of everybody else, and everybody else's
8)•
el que —a) + indicél es el que quiere — it's he who wants to, he's the one who wants to
los que hacen eso son tontos — anyone who does that is a fool, those who do so are foolish
b) + subjun whoeverel que quiera, que lo haga — whoever wants to can do it
* * *pronombre personala) ( como sujeto) he¿quién se lo va a decir? - él — who's going to tell her? - he is
fue él — it was him, it was he (frml)
b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) him; ( refiriéndose a cosas) itllegué antes que él — I arrived before him o before he did
eres tan alto como él — you are as tall as him o as he is
con/contra/para él — with/against/for him
con/contra/para él — with/against/for him
* * *[the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]1)a) ( con un referente único) the¿ya vas a la escuela? — do you go to school yet?
el mío/las tuyas — mine/yours
el rojo/último — the red/last one
los nacidos entre... — those born between...
2)a)el + de...: la del sombrero the one with the hat; el de Valencia the one from Valencia; el de las nueve the nine o'clock one; el de Juan/de mi hijo — Juan's/my son's
b)el + que...: el que acaba de entrar the one who's just come in; las que yo ví the ones I saw; los que estén cansados; those who are tired, anyone who's tired; la que te guste whichever you like; el que lo haya hecho — whoever has done it
3) ( en expresiones de tiempo)el mes pasado/que viene — last/next month
4) ( cada)$80 el metro/kilo — $80 a meter/a kilo
5) (con fracciones, porcentajes, números)la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero — half the money/a quarter of the money
el 20% de... — 20% of...
el cuarto piso — the fifth floor (AmE) o (BrE) fourth floor
6) (refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc)7) ( con nombres propios)a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc)el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal — Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal
b) ( en plural)en (el) Perú — in Peru; ver África, Argentina, etc
d) ( al calificar)8) el ( con infinitivo)* * *el2= the, ye.Nota: Forma arcaica.Ex: The first institute, 'The Catalog: Its Nature and Prospects,' was held in New York City on October 9 and 10, 1975.
Ex: The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.* a lo extremo = to the extreme.* aunque no lo creas = believe it or not.* barrio de los ricos = upper town.* de los mejores = as good as any.* el abuelo de = the granddaddy of.* el acabose = the last straw.* el alcance = comprehensiveness.* el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.* el año próximo = the year ahead.* el arte de = the art of, the fine art of.* el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.* el auténtico = the real McCoy.* el beneficio de la duda = the benefit of the doubt.* el bien de = the good of.* el buenazo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el bueno de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.* el camino correcto = the way ahead, the way to go.* el camino hacia + Nombre + está lleno de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.* el camino hacia + Nombre + está plagado de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.* el camino por recorrer = the way ahead.* el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* el camino recorrido = the road travelled so far.* el camino se hace andando = actions speak louder than words.* el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.* el charco = the big pond.* el ciudadano de a pie = the average Joe.* el ciudadano medio = the average Joe.* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.* el colmo = the last straw.* el consejo de otra persona = a second opinion.* el copón = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* el corazón de = the heart of.* el crecimiento de = the rising tide of.* el cual = which.* el de = that in, that of.* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el día del Juicio Final = the Day of Judgement.* El Diluvio = the Flood.* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero mueve al mundo = money makes the world go (a)round.* el dinero no crece en los árboles = money doesn't grow on trees.* el doble = twice + as many.* el doble de = twice + the number of.* El Dorado = El Dorado.* el enemigo en casa = the enemy within.* el entonces + Nombre = the then + Nombre.* el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.* el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].* el evitar = avoidance.* el éxito genera éxito = success breeds success (SBS).* el éxito llama al éxito = success breeds success (SBS).* el final de = the close of.* el final de los problemas = the light at the end of the tunnel.* el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.* el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.* el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.* el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.* el fruto de + Nombre = the fruit of + Nombre.* el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.* el Gato con Botas = Puss in Boots.* el grado de = the extent of.* el grado de + Nombre = the breadth and depth of + Nombre.* el grado en que = the extent to which.* el gran hermano = big brother.* el guapo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.* el hecho es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* el hecho es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* el hombre de la calle = the average Joe.* el hombre no es una isla = no man is an island.* el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.* el impulsor de = the power behind.* el interés público = the public interest.* El Juicio Final = The Last Judgement.* el lastre de = the shackles of.* el llevar = carrying.* el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.* El Mago de Oz = The Wizard of Oz, The Wizard of Oz.* el más = all-time.* el más + Adjetivo = the most + Adjetivo.* el más allá = hereafter.* el más bajo = rock-bottom.* el más favorito del mes = pick of the month.* el más leído = the most widely read.* el más recomendado = best of breed, the.* el Mediterráneo = Mediterranean Sea, the, the Med.* el mejor = best of breed, the.* el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.* el mejor modo de = the best way of.* el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.* el mejor + Nombre = the best available + Nombre.* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.* el mentir = lying.* el mes pasado = last month.* el mío = mine.* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).* el mismo número = as many.* el modo como = the way in which.* el modo de = the way in which.* el modo de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* el momento preciso = the point in time at which.* el motor de = the power behind.* el movimiento se demuestra andando = actions speak louder than words.* el muerto al hoyo y el vivo al bollo = dead men have no friends.* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.* el mundo en la palma de la mano = the world in the palm of + Posesivo + hand.* el mundo está a sus pies = the world is + Posesivo + oyster.* el mundo es un pañuelo = it's a small world.* el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.* el + Nombre + es inestimable = the + Nombre + cannot be overestimated.* el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.* el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el nuevo aspecto de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* el orgullo de = showpiece.* el otro lado de la barrera = the other side of the fence.* el padre de = the father of.* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.* el paso del tiempo = the passage of time, the sands of time.* el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.* el perro es el mejor amigo del hombre = a dog is man's best friend.* el peso de = brunt of, the.* el populacho = the great unwashed.* el porqué de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* el portavoz de = the voice of.* el presente = thisness.* el primer intento = the first time around.* el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.* el primero mencionado = former.* el principal = the number one.* el principio de = the dawn of.* el principio del fin = the beginning of the end.* el principio de + Mes/Estación = early + Mes/Estación.* el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* el problema obvio = the elephant in the room.* el proletariado = the great unwashed.* el pulmón de = the heart of.* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.* el que = that, the one.* el que aprende = learner.* el que las hace, las paga = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* el que no llora, no mama = the squeaky (squeaking) wheel gets the grease (the oil/oiled).* el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* el que pregunta = inquirer [enquirer, -UK].* el quid de la cuestión = the crux of the problem, the crux of the matter.* el registro de los registros = record-of-record.* el registro modelo = record-of-record.* el resto = rest, the.* el resto (de) = the remainder (of), the rest (of).* El Salvador = El Salvador.* el segundo mencionado = latter.* el sendero que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* el ser barato = cheapness.* el siguiente no, el otro = next but one.* el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.* el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.* el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.* el sueño de todo ser viviente = the stuff dreams are made of.* el súmmum = the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el tamaño de = the extent of.* el tema de la discusión = the focus of the discussion.* el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.* el tiempo de Algo = in season.* el tiempo es oro = time is money.* el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.* el tiempo vuela = time flies (by).* el tipo de = the range of.* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.* el total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.* el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.* el transcurso del tiempo = as time goes by.* el último citado = latter.* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el último + Nombre = the latest + Nombre.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* el único = the one and only.* el único e incomparable = the one and only.* el único e inimitable = the one and only.* el único problema = a fly in the soup, the fly in the ointment.* el verdadero = the real McCoy.* el verdadero problema = the elephant in the room.* el ver televisión = television viewing.* el viejo = the elder.* el vulgo = the great unwashed.* el yugo de = the shackles of.* espicharlas = kick + the bucket.* la = the, ye.* la alternativa + ser = the alternative + be.* la belleza es superficial = beauty is only skin deep.* La Biblioteca Responde = Ask the Library.* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.* la buena noticia = the good news.* la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.* la calma que precede a la tormenta = the lull before the storm.* la cambiante fisonomía de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* la caridad empieza por uno mismo = charity begins at home.* la ciudadana de a pie = the average Jane.* la ciudadana media = the average Jane.* la ciudad que nunca duerme = the city that never sleeps.* la clave de = at the heart of.* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* la comunidad en general = the community at large.* la Convención de la Haya de 1954 = the 1954 Hague Convention.* la copa del árbol = the top of the tree.* la cosa es que = the thing is.* la cosa principal = the number one thing.* la crème de la crème = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* la cruz de = the bane of.* la cuestión es que = the thing is.* la década de los + Número = the + Número + s.* la demanda de = a call for.* la diversidad de = the range of.* la diversidad de + Nombre = the many + Nombre.* la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.* la época de Algo = in season.* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.* la espalda de = the back of.* la evidencia = the writing on the wall.* la fe mueve montañas = faith will move mountains.* la filosofía de = the reason behind, the reasoning behind.* la flor de + Nombre = the prime of + Nombre.* la flor y nata = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.* la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.* la gente decía que = rumour had it that.* la gente dice que = rumour has it that.* la gente se está inquietando = the natives are nervous.* la gente se está poniendo nerviosa = the natives are nervous.* la gente se puso de pie para aplaudir = standing ovation.* la gota que colmó el vaso = the straw that broke the camel's back.* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.* la historia + repetirse = history + come full circle.* la historia + volverse a repetir = history + come full circle.* la hostia = the cat's pyjamas, the cat's pyjamas, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la hoz y el martillo = the hammer and sickle.* la idea que hay detrás de = the idea behind.* la imaginación no tiene límites = your imagination is the limit.* la imitación es la mejor forma de que lo halaguen a uno = imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.* La Isla del Tesoro = Treasure Island.* la joya de = showpiece.* la judicatura = the Bench.* la justicia = the Bench.* la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.* la leche = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la luz al final del túnel = the light at the end of the tunnel.* la magistratura = the Bench.* la manera de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.* la mano que mece la cuna es la mano que domina el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* la mano que mece la cuna gobierna el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.* la mar de = a whole slew of.* la mayoría con mucho de = the vast majority of.* la mayoría de = the majority of, most + Nombre, the main bulk of.* la mayoría de la gente = most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría de las personas = most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.* la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.* la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.* la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.* la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.* la medida en que = the extent to which.* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* la mejor manera = how best.* la mejor manera de = the best way of.* la mejor oferta = the best deal.* la mejor opción = the best bet.* la mejor salida = the best way forward.* la mejor solución = the best way forward.* la menor duda de que = no doubt whatsoever.* la mentira = lying.* la mirada en = eye(s) on.* la misma persona = one and the same person.* la mitad (1/2) = one-half (1/2).* la necesidad agudiza el ingenio = necessity mothers invention.* la ocasión la pintan calva = make + hay while the sun shines.* la opinión de otra persona = a second opinion.* la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.* la parte de atrás de = the back of.* la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.* la parte más importante = the heart of.* la parte principal de = the bulk of.* la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.* la parte trasera de = the back of.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* la pesadilla de = the bane of.* la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.* la petición de = a call for.* la píldora = the pill.* la plebe = the great unwashed.* la polla = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.* la primera tentativa = the first time around.* la primera vez = the first time around.* la proporción mayor de = the lion's share of.* la próxima moda = the next hot thing.* la puntilla = the final/last nail in + Posesivo + coffin.* la que = that, the one.* la razón de ser = the reason for being.* la realidad es que = the fact remains that..., fact is, the fact is (that).* la rehostia = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.* la responsabilidad ahora recae en + Nombre = the ball is in + Posesivo + court.* la responsabilidad es de... = the buck + stops....* la riqueza de = the wealth of.* la ruina de = the bane of.* las = the, ye.* las 24 horas = round the clock, around the clock.* las apariencias engañan = don't judge a book by its cover, there's more to it than meets the eye.* las ataduras de = the shackles of.* las autoridades = the powers-that-be.* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.* las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no pasan (así) porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* las cosas + seguir + igual = business + revolve + as usual.* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.* las cosas son más complicadas de lo que parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* las cosas tal y como son = the birds and the bees.* las cosas + volver + a su punto de partida = the wheel + turn + full circle.* las de = those for.* las doce del mediodía = noon.* la segunda mitad de + Fecha = the latter part of + Fecha.* la segunda opción = the next best choice.* la segunda vez = the second time around.* la semana pasada = last week.* la senda que lleva a = a/the doorway to.* la situación = the course of events.* la sociedad en general = society at large.* las posibilidades son infinitas = the possibilities are endless.* las profundidades del mar = the deep.* las profundidades del océano = the deep.* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.* las raíces se encuentran = roots + lie.* las raíces se remontan a = roots + lie.* las razones de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* las Reglas de Cutter para un Catálogo Diccionario = Cutter's Rules for a Dictionary Catalog.* las triquiñuelas de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.* la suerte estaba echada = the die was cast, the die had been cast.* la suerte está echada = the die is cast.* la suma total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.* las uvas están verdes = sour grapes.* las veinticuatro horas = day and night, day or night, night and day.* la temporada de Algo = in season.* la tierra de la abundancia = the land of plenty.* la tierra de las oportunidades = the land of opportunity.* la tira de = a whole slew of.* la tira de tiempo = donkey's years.* la triste realidad es que = the sad fact is (that).* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la última vez = last time.* la última vez que = the last time.* la única pega = the fly in the ointment, a fly in the soup.* la unión hace la fuerza = strength in numbers.* la ventaja de = the beauty of.* la ventaja es que = on the positive side, the advantage is that, on the bright side.* la verdad = the lowdown (on).* la verdad es que = if the truth be known, if the truth be told, the fact is (that), fact is.* la verdad es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.* la verdad sea dicha que = if the truth be told.* la Vía Láctea = the Milky Way.* la vida continúa = the show must go on.* la vida + continuar = life + go on.* la vida es así = life's like that.* ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.* la vida + seguir = life + go on.* la víspera de = on the eve of.* la voz de = the voice of.* la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.* la voz de la experiencia = the voice of experience.* la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.* la voz del odio = the voice of hate.* la voz interior = the voice within.* lo absurdo = ridiculousness.* lo adecuado = adequacy.* lo + Adjetivo + que sea/esté = how + Adjetivo.* lo anodino = blandness.* lo anteriormente expuesto = the preceding.* lo apropiado = appropriateness.* lo barato = inexpensiveness.* lo básico = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).* lo bastante elevado = high enough.* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.* lo bueno de = the beauty of.* lo bueno es que = the good news is (that)..., on the positive side, on the bright side.* lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.* lo bueno y lo malo = the rights and wrongs.* lo caro = expensiveness.* lo chicano = Chicana.* lo chulo = coolness.* lo cierto es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* lo completo = completeness.* lo completo que Algo está = fullness.* lo creas o no = believe it or not.* lo decisivo = the last word.* lo definitivo = the last word.* lo desagradable = unpleasantness.* ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be joking!, you must be kidding!.* lo directo = directness.* lo divertido = the fun part.* lo engorroso de = cumbersomeness.* lo esencial = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).* lo estrafalario = zaniness.* lo estrambótico = zaniness.* lo extenso = comprehensiveness.* lo favorable = propitiousness.* lo hebraico = Hebraica.* lo hecho hecho está = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk.* lo importante es lo que eres no cómo te llamas = a rose by any other name.* lo imprescindible = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.* lo incómodo de = cumbersomeness.* lo indefinido = indefiniteness.* lo indirecto = indirectness.* lo indispensable = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.* lo insulso = blandness.* lo interesante = the fun part.* lo judío = Judaica.* lo lindo = cuteness.* lo llano = flatness.* lo más cercano a = the nearest thing to.* lo más conveniente es que = optimally.* lo más destacado = highlights.* lo más detestado = pet hate.* lo más importante = most of all, at its core.* lo más interesante = highlights.* lo más mínimo = so much as.* lo más novedoso = the last word.* lo más odiado = pet hate.* lo más parecido a = the nearest thing to.* lo más probable es que = most probably.* lo más recio de = brunt of, the.* lo más recóndito = nooks and crannies.* lo máximo = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* lo mejor = the top of the tree.* lo mejor de = the beauty of, showpiece.* lo mejor de ambas partes = the best of both worlds.* lo mejor de lo mejor = the best of the best.* lo mejor de todo = best of all.* lo mejor entre lo mejor = the best of the best.* lo mejor es que... = the good news is (that)....* lo mejor está aún por llegar = the best is yet to come.* lo mejor posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability, at + Posesivo + (very) best, optimally.* lo mejor que pueda = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.* lo mejor que se puede hacer = the best bet.* lo mejor + ser = the beautiful part + be.* lo menos posible = as little as possible.* lo mínimo = bare minimum, bare necessities, the.* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.* lo mismo ocurre en el caso de = the same is true (for/of/with).* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).* lo molesto de = cumbersomeness.* lo mucho que = how extensively.* lo noble = high-mindedness.* lo no convencional = unconventional, the.* lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for), there + be + a tendency (to/for).* lo oportuno = timeliness.* lo pasado pasado está = let bygones be bygones.* lo peor de = brunt of, the.* lo peor del = the armpit of the.* lo pintoresco = quaintness.* lo plano = flatness.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* lo poco convencional = unconventional, the.* lo primero = for one, first off.* lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.* lo prometido es deuda = a promise is a promise.* lo propicio = propitiousness.* lo público = publicness.* lo que = that which, what.* lo que aguarda a = what is on store for.* lo que Algo o Alguien se merece, lo que le corresponde, bastante = fair share, fair share.* lo que a uno cura a otro mata = one man's meat is another man's poison.* lo que demuestra que = which (just) goes to show that.* lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.* lo que es aun más inquietante = more disturbingly.* lo que es aun más preocupante = more disturbingly.* lo que es aun mejor = better still.* lo que es aun peor = worse still.* lo que es bueno para uno es bueno para otro = what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.* lo que es bueno para uno también es bueno para otro = what's good for the goose is good for the gander.* lo que es más = what is more, what's more.* lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.* lo que es mejor aun = better still.* lo que es muy importante = importantly.* lo que es peor = what's worse.* lo que es peor aun = worse still.* lo que espera a = what is on store for.* lo que está bien y lo que está mal = rights and wrongs.* lo que existe (en el mercado) = what's out there.* lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que hay (en el mercado) = what's out there.* lo que hay que hacer = do + the right thing, the way to go.* lo que hay que hacer y lo que hay que evitar = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.* lo que le corresponde = fair share.* lo que nos espera = things to come.* lo que quiera que = whatever.* lo que sea = something or other.* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.* lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.* lo que + ser = what + be like.* lo que se suele pagar = going rate, the.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* lo que vale para tí también vale para mí = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.* lo rural = rurality.* los = the, ye.* los 365 días del año = year-round.* los 40 principales = Top 40 singles chart.* los abajo firmantes = the parties hereto.* los acontecimientos = the course of events.* lo sagrado = sacredness.* los albores de = the dawn of.* los años cincuenta = fifties.* los años treinta = thirties.* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = lose + sight of the forest for the trees.* los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.* los buenos tiempos = the good old days.* los comienzos de = the dawn of.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* los de = those for, those in.* los demás = rest, the, everybody else.* los detalles de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* los días antes de = leading up to.* los dos = both, both of them, both of which.* los efectos negativos se están dejando sentir ahora = chickens come home to roost.* los gobernantes = the powers-that-be.* los hay para dar y regalar = there's one born every minute.* los mandamás = the powers-that-be.* los más necesitados = those most in need.* los más pobres + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* los menos locuaces = inarticulate, the.* los motivos de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.* los necesitados = the needy.* los orígenes de = the dawn of.* los otros con los que aparece(n) = neighbours [neighbors, -USA].* los peores + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* los poderes fáticos = the powers-that-be.* los pormenores de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* Los Principios de París = Paris Principles.* los que = those who.* los que detentan el poder = the powers-that-be.* los que mandan = the powers-that-be.* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.* los que + Verbo = those + Participio.* los tribunales = the Bench.* lo suficientemente cerca = within range.* lo suficientemente cerca como para oír = within earshot of.* lo suficientemente estúpido como para = dumb enough to.* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.* lo suficientemente lejos como para no poder oír = out of earshot.* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.* lo sumo = the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks, the cat's pyjamas.* los unos a costa de los otros = at each other's expense.* los viejos tiempos = the good old days.* lo tomas o lo dejas = take it or leave it.* lo último = the last word.* lo uno es tan malo como lo otro = one is as bad as the other.* lo vanguardista = cutting edge.* lo yidish = Yiddica.* parmarlas = kick + the bucket.* ser lo que nos espera = be the shape of things to come.* * *[ the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or, ha e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina]A (con un referente único, conocido o que se define) theel sol the sunel lápiz/la goma/los lápices/las gomas que compré the pencil/the eraser/the pencils/the erasers I boughtno, ése no, el que te presté ayer/el de Julio/el rojo no, not that one, the one I lent you yesterday/Julio's/the red oneen la calle Solís in Solís Streetprefiero el mío/los tuyos I prefer mine/yoursme atendió el estúpido del marido that stupid husband of hers served meyo soy la arquitecta, ella es lexicógrafa I'm the architect, she's a lexicographeryo fui la que lo rompí or rompió I was the one who broke itlos nacidos entre … those born between …los que faltamos ayer those of us who weren't here yesterday¿cuál es Ardiles? — el del sombrero negro which one's Ardiles? — the one with the black hatun encuentro al que asistieron muchas personalidades a meeting which was attended by many well known peoplela obra de la que or de la cual hablábamos the play we were talking aboutB(con sustantivos en sentido genérico): me encanta la ópera I love operaodio el pescado I hate fishasí es la vida that's life(nosotros) los mexicanos lo sabemos muy bien we Mexicans know only too well¿ya vas a la escuela? do you go to school yet?en el mar at seaviajar por el espacio to travel in spaceC(en expresiones de tiempo): ocurrió el domingo de Pascua/en el verano del 76 it happened on Easter Sunday/in the summer of '76mi cumpleaños es el 28 de mayo my birthday's on May 28el mes pasado/que viene last/next monthno trabaja los sábados she doesn't work (on) Saturdaysestudió toda la mañana he studied all morninga las ocho at eight o'clock, at eighta eso de las seis around six o'clockD(cada): lo venden a $80 el kilo/metro they're selling it at $80 a kilo/a meter o at $80 per kilo/meter¿cuánto cuesta el paquete de diez? how much does a packet of ten cost?E(con fracciones, porcentajes, números): me dio la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero she gave me half the money/a quarter of the moneyel 20% de los peruanos 20% of Peruvians(refiriéndose a partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc): con las manos en los bolsillos with my/your/his hands in my/your/his pockets¡te cortaste el pelo! you've had your hair cut!tienes la falda sucia your skirt is dirtytienes el suéter puesto al revés you've got your sweater on inside outtiene el pelo largo/los ojos azules he has long hair/blue eyes1(con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc): llamó el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal/el general Santos Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal/General Santos phonedel gran Caruso the Great Caruso2(con nombres de mujeres famosas): la última película de la Monroe Monroe's last movie3(en plural): los Ortega (matrimonio) the Ortegas, Mr and Mrs Ortega; (familia) the Ortegas, the Ortega familya los Josés se les suele llamar Pepe people called José are often known as Pepe4 (fam: en muchas regiones crit)(con nombres de pila): pregúntale a la Carmen/al Ricardo ask Carmen/Ricardo5(con algunos nombres geográficos): en la India in Indiaen (el) Perú in Peru6(al calificar): la España de Franco Franco's Spainel Buñuel que todos conocemos the Buñuel we all knowla Italia del siglo pasado Italy in the last century7(con algunos equipos deportivos): juegan contra el Juventus/el Barcelona they're playing against Juventus/BarcelonaH el(con infinitivo): odiaba el tener que pedírselo he hated having to ask heres cuidadoso y pausado en el hablar he's careful and deliberate in the way he speaksel frenético girar de los bailarines the frenzied spinning of the dancers* * *
Multiple Entries:
el
él
el (pl◊ los), la (pl las) art the masculine article el is also used before feminine nouns which begin with accented a or ha, e.g. el agua pura, el hada madrina
1
así es la vida that's life;
(nosotros) los mexicanos we Mexicans;
¿ya vas a la escuela? do you go to school yet?
las tuyas yours;
el último the last one;
el estúpido del marido that stupid husband of hers
2a) el + de:
el de las nueve the nine o'clock one;
el de mi hijo my son'sb) el + que:
los que estén cansados;
those who are tired, anyone who's tired;
la que te guste whichever you like
3 ( en expresiones de tiempo):
mi cumpleaños es el 28 de mayo my birthday's on May 28;
el mes pasado last month;
toda la mañana all morning;
a las ocho at eight o'clock
4 ( cada):◊ $80 el metro/kilo $80 a meter/a kilo, $80 per kilo/meter
5 (con fracciones, porcentajes, números):◊ la mitad/la cuarta parte del dinero half the money/a quarter of the money;
el 20% de … 20% of …
6 (con partes del cuerpo, prendas de vestir, artículos personales, etc):
¡te cortaste el pelo! you've had your hair cut!;
tiene los ojos azules he has blue eyes
7a) (con apellidos acompañados de título, adjetivos, etc):◊ el señor Ortiz/la doctora Vidal Mr Ortiz/Doctor Vidal;
los Ortega the Ortegas
ver África, Argentina, etc
él pron pers
◊ ¿quién se lo va a decir? — él who's going to tell her? — he is;
lo hizo él mismo he did it himself;
fue él it was him
( refiriéndose a cosas) it;◊ llegué antes que él I arrived before him o before he did;
con/para él with/for him;
son de él they're his
el art def m
1 the
2 (no se traduce) (ante un tratamiento formal) el sr. Gómez, Mr Gomez
(cuando el sustantivo es general) el hambre/tiempo, hunger/time
3 (se traduce por un posesivo) (con partes del cuerpo) se ha cortado el pelo, she's cut her hair
(prendas) se lo metió en el bolsillo, he put it in his pocket
(pertenencias) guarda el diario en el cajón, put your diary into the drawer
4 (con días de la semana) iré el miércoles, I'll go on Wednesday
5 (cuando el sustantivo está elidido) the one: prefiero el azul, I prefer the blue one
el de las diez, the ten o'clock one
el que está en la mesa, the one that's on the table
el que más nos guste, whichever one we like best
(delante de un posesivo) el de María, Maria's
es el mío, it's mine
él pron pers
1 (sujeto) (persona) he
(animal, cosa) it: fue él, it was him, fue él el que..., it was him that... o it was he who...
2 (complemento) (persona) him
(animal, cosa) it
dáselo a él, give it to him, es para él, it's for him
3 (posesivo) de él, his
4 (oración comparativa) ella es mejor que él, she's better than him o she's better than he is
'él' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abajo
- abalanzarse
- abaratarse
- abarquillarse
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abastecimiento
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abdicar
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abordar
- aborigen
- aborregarse
- abortar
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abrir
- abreviar
- abrirse
- absoluta
- absoluto
- abstención
- abundancia
- acabar
- acabarse
- acabose
- acallar
- acanallar
- accionariado
- acero
- achacosa
- achacoso
- achatamiento
- achicharrarse
- aclarar
- aclarado
- acomodarse
- acompañar
- acondicionar
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
English:
A
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- about
- above
- abroad
- abseil
- absence
- absent
- absolute
- absolve
- absorb
- abstract
- academic
- accelerate
- accommodate
- accomplice
- account
- accurately
- accusation
- accused
- accustom
- aching
- act
- act on
- act up
- actual
- actually
- acute
- address
- adequately
- adjourn
- admission
- admit
- advance
- advanced
- advantage
- advantageous
- advise
- advocate
- affair
- afford
- afloat
- afraid
- after
- against
- age
- agenda
- aggregate
* * *el (f la, mpl los, fpl las) art determinado el is used instead of la before feminine nouns which are stressed on the first syllable and begin with “a” or “ha” (e.g. el agua, el hacha). Note that el combines with the prepositions a and de to produce the contracted forms al and del.1. [con valor especificador] the;el coche the car;la casa the house;los niños the children;el agua/hacha/águila the water/axe/eagle;fui a recoger a los niños I went to pick up the childrenla vida life;el hombre Man, human beings;los derechos de la mujer women's rights;los niños imitan a los adultos children copy adults;el pan es un alimento básico bread is a basic food;la mayoría de la gente no la conoce most people don't know her;vuelve el biquini bikinis are backse quitó los zapatos she took her shoes off;tiene el pelo oscuro he has dark hair;me han robado la maleta my suitcase has been stolen;se dieron la mano they shook handslos domingos vamos al cine we go to the movies (on) Sundays;llegaré el 1 de mayo [escrito] I'll arrive on 1 May;[hablado] I'll arrive on the first of May;son las siete it's seven o'clock;el año pasado/que viene last/next yearel Everest (Mount) Everest;la India India;La Haya The Hague;El Cairo Cairo;la España de la posguerra post-war Spainel señor/el doctor Juárez Mr/Doctor Juárez;los Amaya [matrimonio] Mr and Mrs Amaya, the Amayas;[familia completa] the Amayas, the Amaya family;los Austrias the Hapsburgs;el Hitler español the Spanish Hitler8. [con numerales, porcentajes, fracciones]el siete es mi número de la suerte seven's my lucky number;llegó el tercero he came third;el tercer piso the third floor;un aumento del 30 por ciento a 30 percent increase;la quinta parte (de) a fifth (of);el 20 por ciento (de) 20 percent (of)10. [con complemento especificativo]el/la del sombrero the one with the hat;los/las de azul [cosas] the blue ones;[personas] the ones in blue;he perdido el tren, cogeré el de las nueve I've missed the train, I'll get the nine o'clock one;el de aquí this one here;¿los del parque son amigos tuyos? were those people in the park friends of yours?;prefiero las del escaparate I prefer the ones in the window;los del fondo no se callan the people at the back won't shut upel mío mine;la tuya yours;los suyos theirsel/la mejor the best;es la mejor de la clase she's the best in the class, she's top of the class;los seleccionados realizarán un examen those chosen will sit an exam;el tonto de Ignacio se equivocó that idiot Ignacio got it wronges amante del buen comer she loves good food;me sienta mal el tener que decírtelo I don't like to have to tell you14. [con frases subordinadas][persona] whoever;el/la que [cosa] whichever;los/las que [cosas] whichever;[personas] whoever;coge el/los que quieras take whichever you like;el que más corra whoever runs fastest, the one who runs the fastest;las que quieran venir que levanten la mano those who want to come o anyone who wants to come should put their hand up;el que no te guste no quiere decir que sea malo the fact that you don't like him doesn't make him a bad person15. [con valor enfático]¡la pena que me dio verlo en ese estado! I felt so sorry for him when I saw him in that state!* * *elI art theII pron:el de … that of …;el de Juan Juan’s;el más grande the biggest (one);el que está … the one that is …* * *él pron: he, himél es mi amigo: he's my friendhablaremos con él: we will speak with himel pron, (referring to masculine nouns)1) : the onetengo mi libro y el tuyo: I have my book and yoursde los cantantes me gusta el de México: I prefer the singer from México2)el que : he who, whoever, the one thatel que vino ayer: the one who came yesterdayel que trabaja duro estará contento: he who works hard will be happyel, la art, pl los, las : thelos niños están en la casa: the boys are in the houseme duele el pie: my foot hurts* * *el det1. the¿qué te pareció el libro? what did you think of the book?2. (posesivo) my / your / his / her etcétera¿te has cortado el pelo? have you had your hair cut?3. (característica) the one¿cuál prefieres? el azul which one do you prefer? the blue one¡Ojo! Algunas veces no se traduce¿quieres salir el sábado? do you want to go out on Saturday?el Sr. García Mr. Garcíacon el que that... withen el que that... in -
18 zu
Präp. (+ Dat)1. räumlich, Richtung: to, toward(s); bis zu up to; zu jemandem gehen go and ( oder to) see s.o.; zu Tal fahren, gleiten etc.: downhill; Boden 2, Kopf 2 etc.2. räumlich, Lage: at, in; zu Berlin in ( amtlich: at) Berlin; der Dom zu Köln Cologne Cathedral; zu ebener Erde at ground level; zu jemandes Füßen at s.o.’s feet; zu Hause at home; zu beiden Seiten des Rheins on both sides of the Rhine; zu Wasser und zu Lande on land and at sea; Gasthof zu den drei Eichen the Three Oaktrees (Inn)3. zeitlich, Zeitpunkt: at; Zeitraum: over; Anlass: for; noch zehn Minuten ( bis) zu... another ten minutes before...; zu Beginn at the beginning; zu Weihnachten at Christmas; schenken etc.: for Christmas; Lebzeiten4. (für) Zweck, Ziel: for; zu etw. gut sein be good for s.th.; Stoff zu einem Kleid material for a dress5. Ergebnis ausdrückend: (in)to; es kam zu einem Skandal it blew up into a scandal, a scandal resulted; zu Asche verbrennen burn to ashes; zu etw. werden turn into s.th.; Person: auch become s.th.; zu meiner Freude / Überraschung to my delight / surprise6. Beziehung ausdrückend: for; thematisch: about, on; sich äußern zu say s.th. about; gehören zu belong to; gemein / nett zu nasty / nice to; passen zu suit; der Schlüssel zur Gartentür the key to the garden door; Liebe / Zuneigung zu jemandem love / affection for s.o.; aus Freundschaft zu ihr out of friendship for her7. Zusammensein: (mit) with; (hinzu) to; sich zu jemandem setzen sit with s.o., join s.o., sit (down) next to s.o.; Brot zum Ei essen have bread with one’s egg; Zucker zum Kaffee nehmen take sugar in one’s coffee; zu alledem kommt noch hinzu, dass... and on top of all that...9. Menge, Zahl, Häufigkeit, Verhältnis etc.: in; nur zu einem kleinen Teil only to a small extent; ein Potenzial, das nur zu einem kleinen Teil genutzt wird a potential only a small part of which is actually used; zu zweit nebeneinander gehen walk along two by two; sie kamen zu sechst six of them came; zu hunderten oder Hunderten in hundreds; es ist zu 20% / einem Viertel falsch 20% / a quarter of it is incorrect; ein Fass zu 50 Litern a 50-lit|re (Am. -er) barrel; zehn Karten zu zwei Euro (а, je) ten tickets at two euros (a ticket); insgesamt: ten tickets for two euros—Adv.1. (übermäßig) too; zu sehr too much; zu sehr betonen overemphasize; das Loch ist zu groß, als dass man es noch flicken könnte the hole is too big to be mended; ( viel) zu viel / viele (far oder much) too much / many; einer etc. zu viel one etc. too many; einmal zu viel once too often; ein gutes Gehalt wäre zu viel gesagt a good salary would be a bit of an overstatement; ich krieg zu viel! umg. well blow me down!; was zu viel ist, ist zu viel! enough is enough!; zu wenig not enough, too little (Pl. few); viel zu wenig not nearly enough, far too little (Pl. few); einer etc. zu wenig one etc. short, one etc. too few; du isst zu wenig you don’t eat enough, you need to eat more2. umg. (sehr) too, so, terribly; zu niedlich! how terribly sweet!; das ist ja zu nett! (sehr nett) that’s really very nice!; iro. (sehr gemein) how terribly nice (of you)!; (sehr ärgerlich) a fine thing, I must say!3. umg.: immer oder nur zu! go on!; na, dann ( mal) zu! OK, go ahead; beim Aufbruch: OK, let’s go, off we (bzw. you) go then—I Adj. umg.II Adv. (Ggs. offen) closed, shut; Augen zu! close your eyes; Tür zu! shut the door!—Konj.1. (+ Inf.): ich habe zu arbeiten I’ve got work to do; es ist nicht zu übersehen it can’t be overlooked; gut zu gebrauchen sein be perfectly usable; ich erinnere mich, ihn gesehen zu haben I remember seeing him; auch im Wort: auszuhalten sein be bearable2. (+ Part. Präs.): ein sorgfältig zu erwägender Plan a plan requiring careful consideration; auch im Wort: die auszuwechselnden Fahrzeugteile the parts to be exchanged* * *at (Präp.); on (Präp.); upon (Präp.); too (Adv.); to (Präp.); unto (Präp.); for (Präp.); into (Präp.);(geschlossen) closed (Adj.)* * *[tsuː]1. PRÄPOSITION (+dat)1) örtlich: Richtung, Ziel tozur Stadtmitte gehen — to go to the town centre (Brit) or center (US)
zum Bäcker/Arzt gehen — to go to the baker's/doctor's
zum Militär gehen, zu den Soldaten gehen — to join the army, to join up
zu jdm/etw hinaufsehen — to look up at sb/sth
zu jdm herübersehen/hinübersehen — to look across at sb
zum Fenster herein/hinaus — in (at)/out of the window
zur Tür hinaus/herein — out of/in the door
2) örtlich: Lage bei Stadt inzu Frankfurt (old) — in Frankfurt
der Dom zu Köln — the cathedral in Cologne, Cologne cathedral
zu seiner Linken saß... (geh) — on his left sat...
3) zeitlich atzu früher/später Stunde — at an early/late hour
(bis) zum 15. April/Donnerstag/Abend — until 15th April/Thursday/(this) evening
die Zahlung ist zum 15. April fällig — the payment is due on 15th April
zum 31. Mai kündigen — to give in (Brit) or turn in (US) one's notice for 31st May
4)Zusammengehörigkeit, Begleitung, Zusatz
Wein zum Essen trinken — to drink wine with one's mealzur Gitarre singen — to sing to (Brit) or with (US) a/the guitar
Vorwort/Anmerkungen zu etw — preface/notes to sth
zu dem kommt noch, dass ich... — on top of that I...
5) Zweck, Bestimmung forPapier zum Schreiben — paper to write on, writing paper
zur Einführung... — by way of (an) introduction...
zu seiner Entschuldigung muss man sagen... — in his defence (Brit) or defense (US) one must say...
zu seiner Entschuldigung sagte er... — by way of apology he said...
zu nichts taugen, zu nichts zu gebrauchen sein — to be no use to anyone (inf)
6)etw zum Geburtstag/zu Weihnachten bekommen — to get sth for one's birthday/for Christmaszu Ihrem 60. Geburtstag — on your 60th birthday
zu dieser Frage möchte ich Folgendes sagen — my reply to this question is as follows, on this I would like to say the following
"Zum Realismusbegriff" — "On the Concept of Realism"
7)Folge, Umstand
zu seinem Besten — for his own goodzu meiner Schande/Freude etc — to my shame/joy etc
es ist zum Weinen — it's enough to make you cry, it makes you want to cry
8)Mittel, Art und Weise
zu Fuß/Pferd — on foot/horseback9) Veränderung intozu etw werden — to turn into sth; (Mensch auch) to become sth
jdn/etw zu etw machen — to make sb/sth (into) sth
10) = als aser machte sie zu seiner Frau, er nahm sie zur Frau — he made her his wife
11)Verhältnis, Beziehung
Liebe zu jdm — love for sbVertrauen zu jdm/etw — trust in sb/sth
12)im Vergleich zu — in comparison with, compared with3:2 — the score is 3-2 or (gesprochen) three-two
See:13)wir verkaufen die Gläser jetzt das Stück zu 99 Cent — we're selling the glasses now at or for 99 cents each
zum Ersten..., zum Zweiten... (Aufzählung) — first..., second...
zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, zum Dritten (bei Auktion) — for the first time, for the second time, for the third time
See:→ vier, bis14)zu wem wollen Sie? — who do you want?zu wem sprechen Sie morgen bei der Konferenz? — who will you be speaking to or who will you be addressing at the conference tomorrow?
15)der Graf zu Ehrenstein — the Count of Ehrenstein16)getrenntes "dazu" inf
da komme ich nicht zu — I can't get (a)round to itSee:→ dazu17)zum Beispiel — for examplezum Lobe von jdm/etw — in praise of sb/sth
zur Beurteilung/Einsicht — for inspection
zur Probe/Ansicht — on trial/approval
2. ADVERB1) = allzu toosie liebte ihn zu sehr, als dass sie ihn verraten hätte — she loved him too much to betray him
2) = geschlossen shut, closedauf/zu (an Hähnen etc) — on/off
Tür zu! (inf) — shut the door
3)= los, weiter inf
dann mal zu! — right, off we go!du wolltest mir was vorsingen, dann mal zu — you wanted to sing me something? OK, go ahead
ihr seid auf dem richtigen Wege, nur zu! — you're on the right track, just keep going
schreie nur zu, es hilft doch nichts! — scream then, but it won't do any good!
lauft schon zu, ich komme nach — you go on, I'll catch you up
4) örtlich toward(s)See:→ ab3. ADJEKTIV(= geschlossen inf) Tür, Geschäft, Kiste etc shut; Kleid, Verschluss done upSee:→ zu sein4. BINDEWORT1) mit Infinitiv tojdm befehlen or den Auftrag erteilen, etw zu tun — to order sb to do sth
das Material ist noch/nicht mehr zu gebrauchen — the material is still/is no longer usable
ich habe noch zu arbeiten — I have still got (esp Brit) or I still have some work to do
ich komme, um mich zu verabschieden — I've come to say goodbye
2)noch zu bezahlende Rechnungen — outstanding billsdas sind alles nur winzige, leicht zu übersehende Punkte — these are just small points that can easily be overlooked
der zu prüfende Kandidat, der zu Prüfende — the candidate to be examined
* * *1) (position: They are not at home; She lives at 33 Forest Road) at2) (direction: He looked at her; She shouted at the boys.) at3) (to the state or condition of: A tadpole turns into a frog; I've sorted the books into piles.) into4) (towards: They marched on the town.) on5) ((moving, facing etc) in the direction of: He walked toward the door; She turned towards him.) towards6) ((moving, facing etc) in the direction of: He walked toward the door; She turned towards him.) toward7) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) to8) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) to9) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) to10) to11) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) to12) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) to13) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) to14) (an old word for `to'.) unto* * *zu[tsu:]1. (wohin: Ziel) to\zum Schwimmbad geht es da lang! the swimming pool is that way!fahr mich bitte \zur Arbeit/Kirche/Schule please drive me to work/church/schoolwie weit ist es von hier \zum Bahnhof? how far is it from here to the train station?wie komme ich [von hier] \zur Post? how do I get [from here] to the post office?ich muss gleich \zum Arzt/ \zum Bäcker/ \zum Supermarkt I must go to the doctor's/baker's/supermarketmorgen gehe ich \zu Rainer I'm going to see Rainer tomorrow\zu Bett gehen (geh) to go to bed\zum Militär gehen to join the army\zum Theater gehen to go on the stage [or into the theatre]2. (wohin: Richtung)das Zimmer liegt \zur Straße hin the room looks out onto the streetder Kerl vom Nachbartisch sieht dauernd \zu uns rüber the bloke at the next table keeps looking across at us\zur Decke sehen to look [up] at the ceiling\zum Fenster hinaus/herein out of/in through the window\zur Tür hinaus/herein out of/in through the door\zum Himmel weisen to point heavenwards [or up at the heavens]\zu jdm/etw hinaufsehen to look up at sb/sth\zum Meer/zur Stadtmitte hin towards the sea/town centre3. (wohin: neben)▪ \zu jdm/etw next to sb/sthdarf ich mich \zu Ihnen setzen? may I sit next to [or beside] you?setz dich \zu uns [come and] sit with uslegen Sie \zu den Tellern bitte jeweils eine Serviette put one serviette next to each platesie ist schon \zu Bett she's already gone to bed\zu Hause at home\zu jds Rechten/Linken on sb's right/left [hand side]jdm \zur Seite sitzen (geh) to sit at sb's side5. (wo: vor Eigennamen, Ortnamen)der Dom \zu Köln the cathedral in Cologne, Cologne cathedralder Graf \zu Blaubeuren the Count of Blaubeurender Gasthof \zum blauen Engel the Blue Angel Innder Reichstag \zu Worms (hist) the Diet of Worms6. wann: Zeitpunkt at\zum 1. Januar fällig due on January 1stes muss [bis] zum Abend/14. März fertig sein it must be finished by this evening/March 14th\zum Wochenende fahren wir weg we are going away at [or AM on] the weekend\zu früher/später Stunde at an early/late hour\zu Mittag at [or by] midday/noon\zum Monatsende kündigen to give in one's notice for [or to take effect from] the end of the month\zu Ostern/Pfingsten/Weihnachten at Easter/Whitsun/Christmas7. (wann, wozu: Anlass)eine Feier \zum Jahrestag der Revolution a celebration to mark the anniversary of the revolution\zum Frühstück trinkt sie immer Tee she always has tea at breakfastetw \zum Geburtstag/ \zu Weihnachten bekommen to get sth for one's birthday/for Christmasjdm \zu etw gratulieren to congratulate sb on sth\zu Ihrem 80. Geburtstag möchte ich Ihnen herzlichst gratulieren I'd like to congratulate you on the occasion of your 80th birthday8. (worüber: Thema)\zu dieser Frage möchte ich Folgendes sagen to this question I should like to say the followingwas sagst du \zu diesen Preisen? what do you say to these prices?eine Rede \zum Thema Umwelt a speech on the subject of the environmentjdn \zu etw vernehmen to question sb about sth9. (wozu: Zweck, Ziel)der Knopf \zum Abstellen the off-buttonPapier \zum Schreiben paper to write on, writing paperWasser \zum Trinken drinking waterwir haben nichts \zum Essen we have nothing to eatgib dem Kind doch etwas \zum Spielen give the child something to play withauf die Reise habe ich mir etwas \zum Lesen mitgenommen I've brought something to read on the tripbei dem Regenwetter habe ich keine Lust \zum Wandern I don't fancy walking if it is rainingdas Zeichen \zum Aufbruch the signal to leave\zum Arzt geboren sein to be born to be a doctorsie sagte das nur \zu seiner Beruhigung she said that just to set his mind at rest\zur Ansicht on approval\zur Einsicht for inspection\zur Einführung... by way of an introduction...\zu seiner Entschuldigung/ \zur Erklärung in apology/explanation, by way of an apology/explanationjdn \zum Essen einladen to invite sb for a meal\zum Gedächtnis von jdm in memory of sb, in sb's memory\zu Hilfe! help!jdm \zu Hilfe kommen to come to sb's aid\zum Lobe von jdm/etw in praise of sb/sth\zu nichts taugen [o zu gebrauchen sein] to be no use at all\zur Probe as a trial [or test]\zur Unterschrift for signature [or signing]\zu was (fam) for what, why\zu was soll das gut sein? what do you need that for?, what is that for?10. (als was)er nahm sie \zur Frau he took her as his wifeetw \zur Antwort geben to say sth in reply\zum Beispiel for example\zur Belohnung as a reward\zur Strafe as a punishment▪ jdn/etw \zum Vorbild nehmen to take sb/sth as one's example, to model oneself on sb/sth\zur Warnung as a warning11. (womit zusammen: Begleitung)mögen Sie Milch/Zucker \zum Kaffee? do you take your coffee white [or with milk]/with sugar?\zu Lachs passt kein Rotwein red wine does not go with salmonetw \zu etw tragen to wear sth with sth12. (zu was: Zugehörigkeit)\zu den Lehrbüchern gehören auch Kassetten there are cassettes to go with the text bookswo ist der Korken \zu der Flasche? where is the cork for this bottle?mir fehlt nur der Schlüssel \zu dieser Tür I've only got to find the key to this door13. (wie: Umstand, Art und Weise)sie erledigt alles \zu meiner Zufriedenheit she does everything to my complete satisfactiondie Firma verkauft alles \zu niedrigsten Preisen the company sells everything at rock-bottom pricesdu hast dich \zu deinem Vorteil verändert you've changed for the betterdas ist ja \zum Lachen that's ridiculous [or really funny]das ist \zum Weinen it's enough to make you want to cry [or weep]\zu jds Bestem/Vorteil sein to be for one's own good/to one's advantage\zu Deutsch (veraltend) in German\zum Glück luckily14. (wie: Fortbewegungsart)\zu Fuß/Pferd on foot/horseback\zu Fuß gehen Sie etwa 20 Minuten it will take you about 20 minutes on foot\zu Schiff (veraltet) by ship [or sea15. (zu was: Ergebnis eines Vorgangs)\zu Asche verbrennen to burn to ashesEiweiß \zu Schnee schlagen to beat the egg white until stiffKartoffeln \zu einem Brei zerstampfen to mash potatoes\zum Erliegen/Stehen kommen to come to rest/a haltetw \zu Pulver zermahlen to grind sth [in]to powder\zu etw werden to turn into [or become] sthmanch einer wird aus Armut \zum Dieb often it is poverty that turns sb into a thiefwieder \zu Staub werden to [re]turn to duster ist \zum Kapitän befördert worden he was promoted to captainsie wurde \zur Vorsitzenden gewählt she was elected chairmanjdn \zu etw ernennen to nominate sb for sthjdn/etw \zu etw machen to make sb/sth into sther machte sie \zu seiner Frau he made her his wife17. (zu wem: Beziehung)meine Beziehung \zu ihr my relationship with herLiebe \zu jdm love for sbaus Freundschaft \zu jdm because of one's friendship with sbVertrauen \zu jdm/etw trust in sb/sth18. (wie: im Verhältnis zu) in relation [or proportion] toim Verhältnis 1 \zu 4 MATH in the ratio of one to fourunsere Chancen stehen 50 \zu 50 our chances are fifty-fiftyim Vergleich \zu... in comparison with..., compared to...19. SPORTBayern München gewann mit 5 \zu 1 Bayern Munich won five-onedas Fußballspiel ging unentschieden 0 \zu 0 aus the football match ended in a nil-nil draw\zu drei Prozent at three percentdiese Äpfel habe ich \zu ein Euro das Stück gekauft I bought these apples for [or at] one euro eachsechs [Stück] \zu fünfzig Cent six for fifty cents\zum halben Preis at half pricewir sind \zu fünft in den Urlaub gefahren five of us went on holiday togethersie kommen immer \zu zweit those two always come as a pairder Pulli ist nur \zur Hälfte fertig the jumper is only half finishedhast du das Buch nur \zu einem Viertel gelesen? have you only read a quarter of the book?\zum ersten Mal for the first time\zum Ersten..., \zum Zweiten firstly..., secondly\zum Ersten, \zum Zweiten, \zum Dritten (bei Auktionen) going once, going twice, sold\zur Hauptsache mainly\zum Rechten schauen to look to the right\zum Voraus in front of\zum Vorn[e]herein from in frontII. ADVERB1. (allzu) tooich wäre \zu gern mitgefahren I would have loved to have gone along\zu sehr too mucher hat sich nicht \zu sehr bemüht he didn't try too [or very] harddas ist einfach \zu dumm! that's really too stupid!dem Ausgang \zu towards the exitnach hinten/vorne \zu towards the back/front4. (fam: weiter, los)dann mal \zu! go ahead!, off we goschimpf nur \zu, es hilft doch nichts go on, scream, it won't do any goodmach \zu! hurry up!, get a move on!lauf schon \zu, ich komme nach you go on [or go on ahead], I'll catch upIII. ADJEKTIVTür \zu, es zieht! shut the door, there's a draught!dreh den Wasserhahn \zu! turn the tap off![mach die] Augen \zu, ich hab da was für dich close your eyes, I've got sth for you\zu haben [o sein] to be shut [or closed]vor der \zunen Tür stehen (sl) to stand in front of the closed door▪ \zu sein:sie ist total \zu you can't get through to herIV. KONJUNKTION1. mit Infinitiv towas gibt es heute Mittag \zu essen? what are we having for lunch today?ohne es \zu wissen without knowing it▪ jd hat etw \zu tun:ich habe \zu arbeiten I have some work to dosie hat \zu gehorchen she has to obey [or do as she is told]ich habe heute einiges \zu erledigen I have got a few things to do today▪ etw ist \zu tun:die Rechnung ist bis Freitag \zu bezahlen the bill has to be paid by Fridaydieser Auftrag ist unverzüglich \zu erledigen this task must be completed straight away▪ um etw \zu tun:ich komme, um mich \zu verabschieden I have come to say goodbye2. mit Partizipda sind noch einige \zu bezahlende Rechnungen there are some outstanding billses gibt verschiedene noch \zu kaufende Gegenstände some things still have to be boughtder \zu Prüfende the candidate to be examinednicht \zu unterschätzende Probleme problems [that are] not to be underestimated* * *1.1) (Richtung) tozu... hin — towards...
er kommt zu mir — (besucht mich) he is coming to my place
2) (zusammen mit) withdas passt nicht zu Bier/zu dem Kleid — that doesn't go with beer/with that dress
3) (Lage) atzu seiner Linken — (geh.) on his left
der Dom zu Speyer — (veralt.) Speyer Cathedral
das Gasthaus ‘Zu den drei Eichen’ — the Three Oaks Inn
4) (zeitlich) at5) (Art u. Weise)zu meiner Zufriedenheit/Überraschung — to my satisfaction/surprise
zu seinem Vorteil/Nachteil — to his advantage/disadvantage; (bei Mengenangaben o. Ä)
zu Dutzenden/zweien — by the dozen/in twos
sie sind zu einem Drittel/zu 50 % arbeitslos — a third/50 % of them are jobless
zu einem großen Teil — largely; to a large extent
das Ergebnis war 2 zu 1 — the result was 2-1 or 2 to 1
7) (einen Preis zuordnend) at; forfünf Briefmarken zu fünfzig [Cent] — five 50-cent stamps
9) (Zweck) for10) (Ziel, Ergebnis) into11) (über) about; on12) (gegenüber)2.1) (allzu) tooer ist zu alt, um diese Reise zu unternehmen — he is too old to undertake this journey
das ist ja zu schön/komisch! — that's really wonderful/hilarious!; that's too wonderful/hilarious for words!
2) nachgestellt (Richtung) towards3) (ugs.)Augen/Tür zu! — shut your eyes/the door!
4) (ugs.): (Aufforderung)3.nur zu! — (fang/fangt an!) get going!; get down to it!; (mach/macht weiter!) get on with it!
1) (mit Infinitiv) toHaus zu verkaufen/vermieten — house for sale/to let
2) (mit 1. Part.)die zu erledigende Post — the letters pl. to be dealt with
* * *zu1 präp (+dat)1. räumlich, Richtung: to, toward(s);bis zu up to;zu jemandem gehen go and ( oder to) see sb;2. räumlich, Lage: at, in;der Dom zu Köln Cologne Cathedral;zu ebener Erde at ground level;zu jemandes Füßen at sb’s feet;zu Hause at home;zu beiden Seiten des Rheins on both sides of the Rhine;zu Wasser und zu Lande on land and at sea;Gasthof zu den drei Eichen the Three Oaktrees (Inn)noch zehn Minuten (bis) zu … another ten minutes before …;zu Beginn at the beginning;4. (für) Zweck, Ziel: for;zu etwas gut sein be good for sth;Stoff zu einem Kleid material for a dress5. Ergebnis ausdrückend: (in)to;es kam zu einem Skandal it blew up into a scandal, a scandal resulted;zu Asche verbrennen burn to ashes;zu etwas werden turn into sth; Person: auch become sth;zu meiner Freude/Überraschung to my delight/surprisesich äußern zu say sth about;gehören zu belong to;gemein/nett zu nasty/nice to;passen zu suit;der Schlüssel zur Gartentür the key to the garden door;Liebe/Zuneigung zu jemandem love/affection for sb;aus Freundschaft zu ihr out of friendship for hersich zu jemandem setzen sit with sb, join sb, sit (down) next to sb;Brot zum Ei essen have bread with one’s egg;Zucker zum Kaffee nehmen take sugar in one’s coffee;zu alledem kommt noch hinzu, dass … and on top of all that …8. Art und Weise:zu Fuß on foot;zu Pferd kommen come on horseback;zu Deutsch in German9. Menge, Zahl, Häufigkeit, Verhältnis etc: in;nur zu einem kleinen Teil only to a small extent;ein Potenzial, das nur zu einem kleinen Teil genutzt wird a potential only a small part of which is actually used;zu zweit nebeneinandergehen walk along two by two;sie kamen zu sechst six of them came;Hunderten in hundreds;es ist zu 20%/einem Viertel falsch 20%/a quarter of it is incorrect;ein Fass zu 50 Litern a 50-litre (US -er) barrel;zehn Karten zu zwei Euro (à, je) ten tickets at two euros (a ticket); insgesamt: ten tickets for two euros10. Zahlenverhältnis:11. Adelsprädikat:zu2 adv1. (übermäßig) too;zu sehr too much;zu sehr betonen overemphasize;das Loch ist zu groß, als dass man es noch flicken könnte the hole is too big to be mended;(viel) zu viel/viele (far oder much) too much/many;einer etczu viel one etc too many;einmal zu viel once too often;ein gutes Gehalt wäre zu viel gesagt a good salary would be a bit of an overstatement;ich krieg zu viel! umg well blow me down!;was zu viel ist, ist zu viel! enough is enough!;zu wenig not enough, too little (pl few);viel zu wenig not nearly enough, far too little (pl few);einer etcdu isst zu wenig you don’t eat enough, you need to eat more2. umg (sehr) too, so, terribly;zu niedlich! how terribly sweet!;das ist ja zu nett! (sehr nett) that’s really very nice!; iron (sehr gemein) how terribly nice (of you)!; (sehr ärgerlich) a fine thing, I must say!3. umg:nur zu! go on!;4. Richtung:nach Norden zu toward(s) the north; zeitlich:gegen … zu toward(s)zu3A. adj umg1.zu sein Fenster, Mund etc: be closed, be shut;2.3.zu sein (ausgebucht) Flug: be full4.B. adv (Ggs offen) closed, shut;Augen zu! close your eyes;Tür zu! shut the door!zu4 konj1. (+inf):ich habe zu arbeiten I’ve got work to do;es ist nicht zu übersehen it can’t be overlooked;gut zu gebrauchen sein be perfectly usable;ich erinnere mich, ihn gesehen zu haben I remember seeing him; auch im Wort:auszuhalten sein be bearable2. (+ ppr):ein sorgfältig zu erwägender Plan a plan requiring careful consideration; auch im Wort:die auszuwechselnden Fahrzeugteile the parts to be exchanged* * *1.1) (Richtung) tozu... hin — towards...
er kommt zu mir — (besucht mich) he is coming to my place
2) (zusammen mit) withdas passt nicht zu Bier/zu dem Kleid — that doesn't go with beer/with that dress
3) (Lage) atzu seiner Linken — (geh.) on his left
der Dom zu Speyer — (veralt.) Speyer Cathedral
das Gasthaus ‘Zu den drei Eichen’ — the Three Oaks Inn
4) (zeitlich) at5) (Art u. Weise)zu meiner Zufriedenheit/Überraschung — to my satisfaction/surprise
zu seinem Vorteil/Nachteil — to his advantage/disadvantage; (bei Mengenangaben o. Ä)
zu Dutzenden/zweien — by the dozen/in twos
sie sind zu einem Drittel/zu 50 % arbeitslos — a third/50 % of them are jobless
zu einem großen Teil — largely; to a large extent
das Ergebnis war 2 zu 1 — the result was 2-1 or 2 to 1
7) (einen Preis zuordnend) at; forfünf Briefmarken zu fünfzig [Cent] — five 50-cent stamps
9) (Zweck) for10) (Ziel, Ergebnis) into11) (über) about; on12) (gegenüber)2.1) (allzu) tooer ist zu alt, um diese Reise zu unternehmen — he is too old to undertake this journey
das ist ja zu schön/komisch! — that's really wonderful/hilarious!; that's too wonderful/hilarious for words!
2) nachgestellt (Richtung) towards3) (ugs.)Augen/Tür zu! — shut your eyes/the door!
4) (ugs.): (Aufforderung)3.nur zu! — (fang/fangt an!) get going!; get down to it!; (mach/macht weiter!) get on with it!
1) (mit Infinitiv) toHaus zu verkaufen/vermieten — house for sale/to let
2) (mit 1. Part.)die zu erledigende Post — the letters pl. to be dealt with
* * *adv.too adv. konj.for conj. präp.at prep.to prep.toward prep.towards prep.unto prep. -
19 хава
1. weather; climate2. (положение) каква е хавата? how does the land lie? how are things? what quarter is the wind in?да видим каква е хавата let's see how the land lies/which way the cat jumps* * *хава̀,ж., само ед. диал.1. weather; climate;2. ( положение): да видим каква е \хавата let’s see how the land-lies/which way the cat jumps; каква е \хавата? how does the land lie? how are things?* * *1. (положение): каква е ХАВАта? how does the land lie?how are things?what quarter is the wind in? 2. weather;climate 3. да видим каква е ХАВАта let's see how the land lies/which way the cat jumps -
20 turn
1. noun1)it's your turn [next] — du bist als nächster/nächste dran (ugs.) od. an der Reihe
wait one's turn — warten, bis man an der Reihe ist
your turn will come — du kommst auch [noch] an die Reihe
he gave it to her, and she in turn passed it on to me — er gab es ihr, und sie wiederum reichte es an mich weiter
out of turn — (before or after one's turn) außer der Reihe; (fig.) an der falschen Stelle [lachen]
excuse me if I'm talking out of turn — (fig.) entschuldige, wenn ich etwas Unpassendes sage
take [it in] turns — sich abwechseln
take turns at doing something, take it in turns to do something — etwas abwechselnd tun
2) (rotary motion) Drehung, diegive the handle a turn — den Griff [herum]drehen
[done] to a turn — genau richtig [zubereitet]
3) (change of direction) Wende, dietake a turn to the right/left, do or make or take a right/left turn — nach rechts/links abbiegen
‘no left/right turn’ — "links/rechts abbiegen verboten!"
the turn of the year/century — die Jahres-/Jahrhundertwende
take a favourable turn — (fig.) sich zum Guten wenden
4) (deflection) Biegung, dieat every turn — (fig.) (con- z stantly) ständig
6) (short performance on stage etc.) Nummer, die7) (change of tide)turn of the tide — Gezeitenwechsel, der
8) (character)be of a mechanical/speculative turn — technisch begabt sein/einen Hang zum Spekulativen haben
10) (form of expression)an elegant turn of speech/phrase — eine elegante Ausdrucksweise
11) (service)do somebody a good/bad turn — jemandem einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisen
one good turn deserves another — (prov.) hilfst du mir, so helf ich dir
12) (coll.): (fright)2. transitive verbturn the tap — am Wasserhahn drehen
turn the key in the lock — den Schlüssel im Schloss herumdrehen
2) (reverse) umdrehen; wenden [Pfannkuchen, Matratze, Auto, Heu, Teppich]; umgraben [Erde]turn something upside down or on its head — (lit. or fig.) etwas auf den Kopf stellen
turn something inside out — etwas nach außen stülpen od. drehen
3) (give new direction to) drehen, wenden [Kopf]turn a hose/gun on somebody/something — einen Schlauch/ein Gewehr auf jemanden/etwas richten
turn one's attention/mind to something — sich/seine Gedanken einer Sache (Dat.) zuwenden
turn one's thoughts to a subject — sich [in Gedanken] mit einem Thema beschäftigen
turn a car into a road — [mit einem Auto] in eine Straße einbiegen
turn the tide [of something] — [bei etwas] den Ausschlag geben
4) (send)turn somebody loose on somebody/something — jemanden auf jemanden/etwas loslassen
turn somebody from one's door/off one's land — jemanden von seiner Tür/von seinem Land verjagen
5) (cause to become) verwandelnthe cigarette smoke has turned the walls yellow — der Zigarettenrauch hat die Wände vergilben lassen
turn a play/book into a film — ein Theaterstück/Buch verfilmen
7)8)turn somebody's head — (make conceited) jemandem zu Kopf steigen
9) (shape in lathe) drechseln [Holz]; drehen [Metall]10) drehen [Pirouette]; schlagen [Rad, Purzelbaum]11) (reach the age of)turn 40 — 40 [Jahre alt] werden
12)3. intransitive verbit's just turned 12 o'clock/quarter past 4 — es ist gerade 12 Uhr/viertel nach vier vorbei
1) (revolve) sich drehen; [Wasserhahn, Schlüssel:] sich drehen lassenthe earth turns on its axis — die Erde dreht sich um ihre Achse
2) (reverse direction) [Person:] sich herumdrehen; [Auto:] wenden3) (take new direction) sich wenden; (turn round) sich umdrehenhis thoughts/attention turned to her — er wandte ihr seine Gedanken/Aufmerksamkeit zu
left/right turn! — (Mil.) links/rechts um!
turn into a road/away from the river — in eine Straße einbiegen/vom Fluss abbiegen
turn to the left — nach links abbiegen/[Schiff, Flugzeug:] abdrehen
turn up/down a street — in eine Straße einbiegen
when the tide turns — wenn die Ebbe/Flut kommt
not know where or which way to turn — (fig.) keinen Ausweg [mehr] wissen
my luck has turned — (fig.) mein Glück hat sich gewendet
4) (become) werdenturn traitor/statesman/Muslim — zum Verräter/zum Staatsmann/Moslem werden
turn [in]to something — zu etwas werden; (be transformed) sich in etwas (Akk.) verwandeln
her face turned green — sie wurde [ganz] grün im Gesicht
6) (become sour) [Milch:] sauer werden7)Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/77106/turn_about">turn about- turn against- turn away- turn back- turn down- turn in- turn off- turn on- turn out- turn over- turn round- turn to- turn up- turn upon* * *[tə:n] 1. verb1) (to (make something) move or go round; to revolve: The wheels turned; He turned the handle.) (sich) drehen2) (to face or go in another direction: He turned and walked away; She turned towards him.) sich (um-) drehen3) (to change direction: The road turned to the left.) eine Biegung machen5) (to go round: They turned the corner.) biegen um6) (to (cause something to) become or change to: You can't turn lead into gold; At what temperature does water turn into ice?) (sich) verwandeln7) (to (cause to) change colour to: Her hair turned white; The shock turned his hair white.) werden (lassen)2. noun1) (an act of turning: He gave the handle a turn.) die Drehung2) (a winding or coil: There are eighty turns of wire on this aerial.) die Windung3) ((also turning) a point where one can change direction, eg where one road joins another: Take the third turn(ing) on/to the left.) die Abzweigung4) (one's chance or duty (to do, have etc something shared by several people): It's your turn to choose a record; You'll have to wait your turn in the bathroom.) die Reihe5) (one of a series of short circus or variety acts, or the person or persons who perform it: The show opened with a comedy turn.) die Programmnummer•- turning-point- turnover
- turnstile
- turntable
- turn-up
- by turns
- do someone a good turn
- do a good turn
- in turn
- by turns
- out of turn
- speak out of turn
- take a turn for the better
- worse
- take turns
- turn a blind eye
- turn against
- turn away
- turn back
- turn down
- turn in
- turn loose
- turn off
- turn on
- turn out
- turn over
- turn up* * *[tɜ:n, AM tɜ:rn]I. NOUNgive the screw a couple of \turns drehen Sie die Schraube einige Male umto give the handle a \turn den Griff [herum]drehen“no left/right \turn” „Links/Rechts abbiegen verboten“the path had many twists and \turns der Pfad wand und schlängelte sich dahin; ( fig)the novel has many twists and \turns of plot die Handlung des Romans ist total verwickelt fam; ( fig)things took an ugly turn die Sache nahm eine üble Wendung; ( fig)I find the \turn of events most unsatisfactory ich mag nicht, wie sich die Dinge gerade entwickelnto make a \turn abbiegento make a wrong \turn falsch abbiegento make a \turn to port/starboard NAUT nach Backbord/Steuerbord abdrehento take a \turn [to the left/right] [nach links/rechts] abbiegento take a \turn for the better/worse ( fig) sich zum Besseren/Schlechteren wenden [o SCHWEIZ meist kehren]to take a new \turn eine [ganz] neue Wendung nehmen3. (changing point)the \turn of the century die Jahrhundertwendeat the \turn of the century zur Jahrhundertwendeat the \turn of the 19th century Anfang des 19. Jahrhundertsthe \turn of the tide der Gezeitenwechselthe tide was on the \turn die Flut/Ebbe setzte gerade ein; ( fig)4. (allotted time)it's my \turn now! jetzt bin ich an der Reihe [o fam dran]!it's Jill's \turn next Jill kommt als Nächste dranit's your \turn to take out the rubbish du bist dran, den Abfall runter zu bringenyour \turn will come! du kommst schon auch noch dran! fam; (in desperate situations) du wirst auch noch zum Zuge kommen! famwhose \turn is it? wer ist dran?I want everyone to take their \turn nicely without any fighting ich will, dass ihr euch schön abwechselt, ohne Streitereienyou can have a \turn at the computer now Sie können jetzt den Computer benutzento do sth in \turn [or by \turns] etw abwechselnd tunto miss a \turn eine Runde aussetzento take a \turn at the wheel für eine Weile das Steuer übernehmento wait one's \turn warten, bis man an der Reihe ist▪ in \turn wiederumshe told Peter and he in \turn told me sie hat es Peter erzählt und er wiederum hat es dann mir erzählthe's all sweet and cold in \turns [or by turn[s]] er ist abwechselnd total nett und dann wieder total kalt fam5. ([dis]service)to do sb a good/bad \turn jdm einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisento do a good \turn eine gute Tat tunto give sb a \turn jdm einen gehörigen Schrecken einjagenshe was having one of her \turns sie hatte wieder einmal einen ihrer Anfälleto do comic \turns Sketche aufführento perform a \turn eine Nummer aufführen9. (not appropriate)▪ out of \turn:what you've just said was completely out of \turn was du da gerade gesagt hast, war wirklich völlig unpassendsorry, have I been talking out of \turn? tut mir leid, habe ich was Falsches gesagt?he really was speaking out of \turn es war völlig unangebracht, dass er sich dazu äußerte10. (character)to be of a humorous \turn eine Frohnatur seinto have a logical \turn of mind ein logischer Mensch seinto take a \turn [in the park] eine [kleine] Runde [durch den Park] drehen13. (expression well put together)a nice [or elegant] [or good] \turn of phrase elegante Ausdrucksweise; (wording) elegante Formulierungto have a nice \turn of phrase sich akk sehr gut ausdrücken können14. (purpose)to serve sb's \turn jdm dienenthat'll serve my \turn das ist gerade genau das Richtige für michjobber's \turn Courtage f17. (cooked perfectly)to be done [or cooked] to a \turn food gut durch[gebraten] sein▪ the \turn AM bei Texas Hold 'Em (Pokerspiel): die vierte Karte, die alle Spieler zugeteilt bekommen19.▶ to fight at every \turn mit aller Macht kämpfen▶ to be on the \turn sich akk wandeln; milk einen Stich haben, sauer sein SCHWEIZ; leaves gelb werden▶ a \turn of the screw eine weitere Verschärfung [einer Maßnahme]the raising of their rent was another \turn of the screw in the landlord's attempt to get them evicted die Mieterhöhung war ein weiterer Versuch, ihnen Daumenschrauben anzulegen und sie allmählich aus der Wohnung zu drängenII. TRANSITIVE VERB1. (rotate, cause to rotate)▪ to \turn sth knob, screw etw drehenhe \turned the key quietly in the lock er drehte den Schlüssel vorsichtig im Schloss umshe \turned the wheel sharply sie riss das Steuer herum2. (switch direction)▪ to \turn sth:he \turned his head in surprise überrascht wendete er den Kopfmy mother can still \turn heads nach meiner Mutter drehen sich die Männer noch immer umthe little girl just \turned her back to her das kleine Mädchen wandte ihr einfach den Rücken zushe \turned the chair to the window so that she could look outside sie drehte den Stuhl zum Fenster, sodass sie hinausschauen konnteto \turn one's car into a road [in eine Straße] abbiegento \turn round the corner um die Ecke biegento \turn the course of history den Gang der Geschichte [ver]ändernto \turn one's eyes towards sb jdn anblickenhe \turned somersaults in his joy er machte vor Freude Luftsprünge3. (aim)▪ to \turn sth on sb lamp, hose etw auf jdn richtenshe \turned her full anger onto him ihr ganzer Zorn richtete sich gegen ihnthe stranger \turned a hostile stare on him der Fremde warf ihm einen feindseligen Blick zuto \turn a gun on sb ein Gewehr auf jdn richten4. (sprain)to \turn one's ankle sich dat den Knöchel verrenken▪ to \turn sb/sth sth:the shock \turned her hair grey overnight durch den Schock wurde sie über Nacht grauthe cigarette smoke had \turned the walls grey durch den Zigarettenrauch waren die Wände ganz grau gewordenthe hot weather has \turned the milk sour durch die Hitze ist die Milch sauer gewordenthe news \turned her pale als sie die Nachricht hörte, wurde sie ganz bleichhis comment \turned her angry sein Kommentar verärgerte sie6. (cause to feel nauseous)to \turn sb's stomach jdn den Magen umdrehenthe smell \turned her stomach bei dem Gestank drehte sich ihr der Magen um7. (change)the wizard \turned the ungrateful prince into a frog der Zauberer verwandelte den undankbaren Prinzen in einen Froschto \turn a book into a film ein Buch verfilmento \turn sth into German/English etw ins Deutsche/Englische übertragento \turn the light[s] low das Licht dämpfen8. (reverse)to \turn the page umblättern9. (gain)to \turn a profit einen Gewinn machen10. (send)to \turn a dog on sb einen Hund auf jdn hetzento \turn sb loose on sth jdn auf etw akk loslassento be \turned loose losgelassen werden akk11. (stop sb)13.▶ to be able to \turn one's hand to anything ein Händchen für alles habenit is time for you to \turn your back on childish pursuits es wird langsam Zeit, dass du deine kindischen Spiele hinter dir lässt▶ to not \turn a hair keine Miene verziehenwithout \turning a hair... ohne auch nur mit der Wimper zu zucken▶ to \turn sb's head jdm den Kopf verdrehen▶ sth has \turned sb's head etw ist jdm zu Kopf[e] gestiegen▶ to \turn sth on its head etw [vollkommen] auf den Kopf stellen▶ to know how to \turn a compliment wissen, wie man Komplimente macht▶ to \turn a phrase sprachgewandt sein▶ to \turn the spotlight on sb/sth die [allgemeine] Aufmerksamkeit auf jdn/etw lenken▶ to \turn tail and run auf der Stelle kehrtmachen und die Flucht ergreifen▶ to \turn sth upside down [or inside out] etw gründlich durchsuchen; room etw auf den Kopf stellen famIII. INTRANSITIVE VERBthis tap won't \turn dieser Hahn lässt sich nicht drehenthe ballerina \turned on her toes die Ballerina drehte auf den Zehenspitzen Pirouettenthe chickens were being \turned on a spit die Hähnchen wurden auf einem Spieß gedrehtthe earth \turns on its axis die Erde dreht sich um ihre Achse2. (switch the direction faced) person sich akk umdrehen; car wenden, SCHWEIZ meist kehren; (in bend) abbiegen; wind drehen; ( fig) SCHWEIZ meist kehren; ( fig) sich akk wendenshe \turned onto the highway sie bog auf die Autobahn abshe \turned into a little street sie bog in ein Sträßchen einheads still \turn when she walks along die Männer schauen ihr noch immer nachwhen the tide \turns (high tide) wenn die Flut kommt; (low tide) wenn es Ebbe wird; ( fig) wenn sich das Blatt wendet [o SCHWEIZ meist kehrt]the path down the mountain twisted and \turned der Pfad schlängelte sich den Berghang hinabto \turn on one's heel auf dem Absatz kehrtmachen\turn right! rechts um!▪ to \turn towards sb/sth sich akk zu jdm/etw umdrehen; (turn attention to) sich akk jdm/etw zuwendenplants \turn toward the light Pflanzen wenden sich dem Licht zuhe has no one to \turn to er hat niemanden, an den er sich wenden kannhe \turned to me for help er wandte sich an mich und bat um HilfeI don't know which way to \turn ich weiß keinen Ausweg mehrto \turn to drink sich akk in den Alkohol flüchtento \turn to God sich akk Gott zuwendento \turn to sb for money jdn um Geld bittenhis mood \turned quite nasty er wurde richtig schlecht gelaunthis face \turned green er wurde ganz grün im Gesicht fammy hair is \turning grey! ich kriege graue Haare!the friendship between the two neighbours \turned sour das freundschaftliche Verhältnis zwischen den beiden Nachbarn kühlte sich erheblich abmy luck has \turned das Blatt hat sich gewandtto \turn informer/traitor zum Informanten/zur Informantin/zum Verräter/zur Verräterin werdento \turn Muslim Muslim werdento \turn cold/warm/pale kalt/warm/blass werdento \turn red person, traffic lights rot werdenthe frog \turned into a handsome prince der Frosch verwandelte sich in einen schönen Prinzenhe \turned from a sweet boy into a sullen brat aus dem süßen kleinen Jungen wurde ein mürrischer Flegelall this \turned into a nightmare das alles ist zum Albtraum gewordenwhen there's a full moon, he \turns into a werewolf bei Vollmond verwandelt er sich in einen Werwolfmy thoughts \turned to him and his family meine Gedanken gingen an ihn und seine Familie6. (attain particular age)to \turn 20/40 20/40 werden7. (pass particular hour)it had already \turned eleven es war schon kurz nach elfit has just \turned past five o'clock es ist gerade fünf vorbeijust as it \turned midnight... genau um Mitternacht...8. (make feel sick)my stomach \turned at the grisly sight bei dem grässlichen Anblick drehte sich mir der Magen umthis smell makes my stomach \turn bei diesem Geruch dreht sich mir der Magen um9.▶ to \turn on a dime AM auf der Stelle kehrt machen▶ to \turn tattle-tail AM ( usu childspeak fam) petzen fam, SCHWEIZ a. rätschen fam, ÖSTERR a. tratschen fam* * *turn1 [tɜːn; US tɜrn]A s1. Drehung f:give sth a turn (two turns) etwas (zweimal) drehen;2. Turnus m, Reihe(nfolge) f:turn (and turn) about reihum, abwechselnd, wechselweise;she was laughing and crying by turns sie lachte und weinte abwechselnd;a) der Reihe nach,b) dann wieder;in his turn seinerseits;speak out of turn fig unpassende Bemerkungen machen;I hope I haven’t spoken out of turn ich habe doch nichts Falsches gesagt?;now it is my turn jetzt bin ich dran oder an der Reihe;then it was my turn to be astonished dann war ich erstaunt;whose turn is it to do the dishes? wer ist mit dem Abspülen dran?;my turn will come fig meine Zeit kommt auch noch, ich komme schon noch dran;take turns sich abwechseln (at bei);we took turns at driving auch wir fuhren abwechselnd;take one’s turn handeln, wenn die Reihe an einen kommt;wait your turn warte, bis du an der Reihe oder dran bist!3. Drehen n, Wendung f:turn to the left Linkswendung4. Wendepunkt m (auch fig)5. a) Biegung f, Kurve f, Kehre fat every turn ständig, überall6. SPORTat the turn an oder bei der Wende,d) Eis-, Rollkunstlauf: Kehre f, Kurve f8. Wendung f:a) Umkehr f:b) Richtung f, (Ver)Lauf m:take a turn for the better (worse) sich bessern (sich verschlimmern);take an interesting turn eine interessante Wendung nehmen (Gespräch etc),c) (Glücks-, Zeiten- etc)Wende f, Wechsel m, Umschwung m:a turn in one’s luck eine Glücks- oder Schicksalswende;turn of the century Jahrhundertwende;10. (Arbeits)Schicht f11. Tour f, (einzelne) Windung (einer Bandage, eines Kabels etc)12. (kurzer) Spaziergang, Runde f:take a turn einen Spaziergang machen13. kurze Fahrt, Spritztour f14. SCHIFF Törn m15. (Rede)Wendung f, Formulierung f16. Form f, Gestalt f, Beschaffenheit f17. Art f, Charakter m:18. (for, to) Neigung f, Hang m, Talent n (zu), Sinn m (für):practical turn praktische Veranlagung;have a turn for languages sprachbegabt sein;be of a humorous turn Sinn für Humor haben19. a) (ungewöhnliche oder unerwartete) Tatb) Dienst m, Gefallen m:one good turn deserves another (Sprichwort) eine Liebe ist der anderen wert20. (kurze) Beschäftigung:take a turn at sth es kurz mit etwas versuchen21. MEDa) Taumel m, Schwindel mb) Anfall m22. umg Schock m, Schrecken m:give sb (quite) a turn jemanden (ganz schön) erschrecken23. Zweck m:this will serve your turn das wird dir nützlich sein;this won’t serve my turn damit ist mir nicht gedient25. MUS Doppelschlag m26. THEAT besonders Br (Programm)Nummer f27. MIL (Kehrt)Wendung f, Schwenkung f:left (right) turn! Br links-(rechts)um!;about turn! Br ganze Abteilung kehrt!28. TYPO Fliegenkopf m (umgedrehter Buchstabe)B v/t1. (im Kreis oder um eine Achse) drehen2. einen Schlüssel, eine Schraube etc, auch einen Patienten (um-, herum)drehen4. ein Blatt, eine Buchseite umdrehen, -wenden, -blättern:turn the page umblättern7. zuwenden, -drehen, -kehren ( alle:to dat)8. den Blick, die Kamera, seine Schritte etc wenden, auch seine Gedanken, sein Verlangen richten, lenken ( alle:against gegen;on auf akk;toward[s] auf akk, nach):turn the hose on the fire den Schlauch auf das Feuer richten;9. a) um-, ab-, weglenken, -leiten, -wenden:turn a shot round the post SPORT einen Schuss um den Pfosten drehen,b) ein Geschoss etc abwenden, abhalten12. das Gesprächsthema wechseln13. a) eine Waage etc zum Ausschlagen bringenb) fig ausschlaggebend sein bei:turn a firm into a joint-stock company eine Firma in eine Aktiengesellschaft umwandeln;turn into cash flüssigmachen, zu Geld machen;turn one’s superiority into goals SPORT seine Überlegenheit in Tore ummünzen15. machen, werden lassen ( beide:into zu):a) bes US jemanden krank machen,b) jemandem Übelkeit verursachen;it turned her pale es ließ sie erblassen17. die Blätter, das Laub verfärbeninto Italian ins Italienische)20. MILa) umgehen, umfassenb) die feindliche Flanke etc aufrollen22. TECHa) drehenb) Holzwaren drechselnc) Glas marbeln, rollen23. auch fig formen, gestalten, (kunstvoll) bilden, Komplimente, Verse etc drechseln:a well-turned ankle ein wohlgeformtes Fußgelenk;24. WIRTSCH verdienen, umsetzen25. eine Messerschneide etca) um-, verbiegenb) stumpf machen:27. turn loosea) freilassen,b) einen Hund etc loslassen (on auf akk)C v/i1. sich drehen (lassen), sich (im Kreis) (herum)drehen (Rad etc)3. umdrehen, -wenden, besonders (in einem Buch) (um)blättern5. sich (stehend, liegend etc) (um-, herum)drehen: → grave1 1b) FLUG, AUTO kurven, eine Kurve machenturn right nach rechts abbiegen;I don’t know which way to turn fig ich weiß nicht, was ich machen soll8. eine Biegung machen (Straße, Wasserlauf etc)on auf akk)11. sich umdrehen:a) sich um 180° drehenb) zurückschauen12. sich umdrehen oder umwenden (lassen), sich umstülpen:my umbrella turned inside out mein Regenschirm stülpte sich um;my stomach turned at this sight, this sight made my stomach turn bei diesem Anblick drehte sich mir der Magen um13. my head is turning mir dreht sich alles im Kopf;his head turned with the success der Erfolg stieg ihm zu Kopf15. blass, kalt etc werden:turn blue blau anlaufen;turn (sour) sauer werden (Milch);turn traitor zum Verräter werden16. sich verfärben (Blätter, Laub)turn2 [tɜrn] v/i SPORT US turnen* * *1. noun1)it is somebody's turn to do something — jemand ist an der Reihe, etwas zu tun
it's your turn [next] — du bist als nächster/nächste dran (ugs.) od. an der Reihe
wait one's turn — warten, bis man an der Reihe ist
your turn will come — du kommst auch [noch] an die Reihe
he gave it to her, and she in turn passed it on to me — er gab es ihr, und sie wiederum reichte es an mich weiter
out of turn — (before or after one's turn) außer der Reihe; (fig.) an der falschen Stelle [lachen]
excuse me if I'm talking out of turn — (fig.) entschuldige, wenn ich etwas Unpassendes sage
take [it in] turns — sich abwechseln
take turns at doing something, take it in turns to do something — etwas abwechselnd tun
2) (rotary motion) Drehung, diegive the handle a turn — den Griff [herum]drehen
[done] to a turn — genau richtig [zubereitet]
3) (change of direction) Wende, dietake a turn to the right/left, do or make or take a right/left turn — nach rechts/links abbiegen
‘no left/right turn’ — "links/rechts abbiegen verboten!"
the turn of the year/century — die Jahres-/Jahrhundertwende
take a favourable turn — (fig.) sich zum Guten wenden
4) (deflection) Biegung, dieat every turn — (fig.) (con- z stantly) ständig
6) (short performance on stage etc.) Nummer, dieturn of the tide — Gezeitenwechsel, der
8) (character)be of a mechanical/speculative turn — technisch begabt sein/einen Hang zum Spekulativen haben
an elegant turn of speech/phrase — eine elegante Ausdrucksweise
11) (service)do somebody a good/bad turn — jemandem einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisen
one good turn deserves another — (prov.) hilfst du mir, so helf ich dir
12) (coll.): (fright)2. transitive verb1) (make revolve) drehen2) (reverse) umdrehen; wenden [Pfannkuchen, Matratze, Auto, Heu, Teppich]; umgraben [Erde]turn something upside down or on its head — (lit. or fig.) etwas auf den Kopf stellen
turn something inside out — etwas nach außen stülpen od. drehen
3) (give new direction to) drehen, wenden [Kopf]turn a hose/gun on somebody/something — einen Schlauch/ein Gewehr auf jemanden/etwas richten
turn one's attention/mind to something — sich/seine Gedanken einer Sache (Dat.) zuwenden
turn one's thoughts to a subject — sich [in Gedanken] mit einem Thema beschäftigen
turn a car into a road — [mit einem Auto] in eine Straße einbiegen
turn the tide [of something] — [bei etwas] den Ausschlag geben
4) (send)turn somebody loose on somebody/something — jemanden auf jemanden/etwas loslassen
turn somebody from one's door/off one's land — jemanden von seiner Tür/von seinem Land verjagen
5) (cause to become) verwandelnthe cigarette smoke has turned the walls yellow — der Zigarettenrauch hat die Wände vergilben lassen
turn a play/book into a film — ein Theaterstück/Buch verfilmen
6) (make sour) sauer werden lassen [Milch]7)8)turn somebody's head — (make conceited) jemandem zu Kopf steigen
9) (shape in lathe) drechseln [Holz]; drehen [Metall]10) drehen [Pirouette]; schlagen [Rad, Purzelbaum]turn 40 — 40 [Jahre alt] werden
12)3. intransitive verbit's just turned 12 o'clock/quarter past 4 — es ist gerade 12 Uhr/viertel nach vier vorbei
1) (revolve) sich drehen; [Wasserhahn, Schlüssel:] sich drehen lassen2) (reverse direction) [Person:] sich herumdrehen; [Auto:] wenden3) (take new direction) sich wenden; (turn round) sich umdrehenhis thoughts/attention turned to her — er wandte ihr seine Gedanken/Aufmerksamkeit zu
left/right turn! — (Mil.) links/rechts um!
turn into a road/away from the river — in eine Straße einbiegen/vom Fluss abbiegen
turn to the left — nach links abbiegen/[Schiff, Flugzeug:] abdrehen
turn up/down a street — in eine Straße einbiegen
when the tide turns — wenn die Ebbe/Flut kommt
not know where or which way to turn — (fig.) keinen Ausweg [mehr] wissen
my luck has turned — (fig.) mein Glück hat sich gewendet
4) (become) werdenturn traitor/statesman/Muslim — zum Verräter/zum Staatsmann/Moslem werden
turn [in]to something — zu etwas werden; (be transformed) sich in etwas (Akk.) verwandeln
her face turned green — sie wurde [ganz] grün im Gesicht
5) (change colour) [Laub:] sich [ver]färben6) (become sour) [Milch:] sauer werden7)Phrasal Verbs:- turn in- turn off- turn on- turn out- turn to- turn up* * *(over) v.wenden v.(§ p.,pp.: wandte (wendete), gewandt (gewendet)) (round) to face (look at)someone expr.= jemandem das Gesicht zuwenden ausdr. v.drehen v.rotieren v.umwenden v. n.Drehbewegung f.Drehung -en f.Umdrehung f.Wendung -en f.
Страницы
См. также в других словарях:
The Irish (in Countries Other Than Ireland) — The Irish (in countries other than Ireland) † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Irish (in countries other than Ireland) I. IN THE UNITED STATES Who were the first Irish to land on the American continent and the time of their arrival are … Catholic encyclopedia
Quarter-life crisis — The quarterlife crisis (QLC) is a term applied to the period of life immediately following the major changes of adolescence, usually ranging from the early twenties to the early thirties. The term is named by analogy with mid life crisis. It is… … Wikipedia
The Phantom Stallion — books, first published in 2002 by Avon Books, are a series written for young adult readers by American Terri Farley.The main character is a girl named Samantha Sam Forster who shares a unique bond with a wild horse called the Phantom. Having… … Wikipedia
Land reform — Land reforms (also agrarian reform, though that can have a broader meaning) is an often controversial alteration in the societal arrangements whereby government administers possession and use of land. Land reform may consist of a government… … Wikipedia
quarter section — The quarter of a section of land according to the divisions of the government survey, laid off by dividing the section into four equal parts by north and south and east and west lines, and containing 160 acres. A quarter of a square mile of land … Black's law dictionary
Land of the Lost (1974 TV series) geography and technology — Land of the Lost was a 1974 1976 TV series presenting the adventures of the Marshall family (including Will and Holly and their father Rick, later replaced by their uncle Jack). The Marshalls become trapped in a pocket universe populated by… … Wikipedia
Land grants in the Swan River Colony — The Swan River Colony, established in June 1829, was the only British colony in Australia established on the basis of land grants to settlers. Under the conditions stipulated by the Colonial Office, settlers would be granted land in proportion to … Wikipedia
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) — The Wizard of Oz Theatrical release poster Directed by Victor Fleming Uncredited: Norman Taurog Richard Thorpe … Wikipedia
The Byzantine Empire — The Byzantine Empire † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Byzantine Empire The ancient Roman Empire having been divided into two parts, an Eastern and a Western, the Eastern remained subject to successors of Constantine, whose capital was at … Catholic encyclopedia
The Speaker's House — is a historical museum located in Trappe, PA that preserves the home of Frederick August Muhlenberg, the First and Third Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.History of the Muhlenberg HouseOverview of the Muhlenberg House: From… … Wikipedia
The Ultimate Fighter: Team Liddell vs. Team Ortiz — Genre Reality, Sports Created by Frank Fertit … Wikipedia
